Dossiers thématiques
Dossier thématique N°9
La philosophie politique entre éthique et politique
الفلسفة السياسية، بين الأخلاق و السياسة
Elaboré par Mlle Essemlali Imane
Conception et Mise en page: Mme Aouinate Samah
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Dossier édité par l’Institut Marocain de l’Information Scientifique et Technique - IMIST
Veuillez télécharger la version PDF du 9ème Numéro du Dossier thématique
تقديم
يسعي الباحثون و المحللون السياسيون إلي الوصول لجذور المشاكل السياسية التي تعاني منها البشرية، فمعظم هذه المشكلات، إجتماعية كانت أو سياسية، جزء منها يرتد جذور تحليله إلى أعماق البحث الفلسفي على مر العصور، و من هنا جاءت المهمة الإستقصائية لمبحث الفلسفة السياسية.
جاء اختيار موضوع هذا الملف تحت عنوان "الفلسفة السياسية، بين الاخلاق و السياسة" نتيجة تساؤلات جمة حول أصل السياسة ، الشيء الذي دعانا الي التنقيب في مبحث الفلسفة السياسية التي تهتم باكتشاف الحكمة و الحقيقة المتعلقة بالمبادئ الاصولية للحياة السياسية و معرفة علاقات هذه المبادئ ببعضها البعض، وعلاقة المبادئ السياسية بمبادئ الحياة الاجتماعية و الاقتصادية و الثقافية. و بناء عليه، قمنا بطرح السؤال حول مدى توافق الممارسة السياسية مع الافكار، القيم و الأخلاق.
إن الأخلاق والسياسة ضروريان معا، إذ نحن بحاجة للأخلاق معيارا للسلوك، وبحاجة للسياسة تدبيرا للشأن العام وتسييرا لشؤون الدولة، فلا مناص من أن قيمنا توجه تصوراتنا السياسية، وهذه توجه تلك. لكن ما لا ينبغي أن يفوتنا هو أنهما مختلفان ومتمايزان، واننا سنفسد ما هو جوهري فيهما إذا ما وقعنا في آفة الخلط بينهما. فنحن بحاجة إذا إلى أخلاق لا تقبل الاختزال إلى سياسة معينة، ولكننا أيضا في أمس الحاجة إلى سياسة لا تقبل الاختزال إلى أخلاق معينة. فلا السياسة ينبغي أن تأخذ مكان الأخلاق، ولا الأخلاق ينبغي أن تقوم مقام السياسة.[1]
يتطرق هذا الملف لفكرتين أساسيتين و هما، أولا، علاقة الأخلاق بالفلسفة السياسية وتانيا، تطور الفلسفة السياسية عبر العصور، حيث يعرضهما ضمن مجموعة غنية ومتنوعة من المصادر الوثائقية باللغات العربية، الفرنسية و الانجليزية . أغلب هذه المصادر متاحة بمكتبة المعهد المغربي للإعلام العلمي و التقني التابع للمركز الوطني للبحث العلمي و التقني .
Présentation
Les problèmes politiques dont souffrait l’Humanité ont depuis longtemps suscité l’intérêt des chercheurs, des politiciens, des sociologues mais aussi des philosophes. Ces problèmes ont constitué l’assise des grands débats connus depuis des époques et leur analyse a mené les chercheurs à étudier l’historique des réflexions purement philosophiques faites autour des origines du problème en question.
Le choix du thème de ce dossier intitulé : « la Philosophie Politique, entre éthique et politique » est fait suite aux débats autour des origines de la politique. Cette question nous a poussé à explorer les écrits philosophiques qui dévoilaient la réalité des principes de la vie politique pour comprendre les différentes relations liants ces principes les uns aux autres, mais également leurs relations avec les mœurs et principes sociaux, les pratiques économiques et culturelles. Y-t-il vraiment un accord entre la pratique politique et les éthiques ?arrivent-ils à s’accommoder entre eux ?
Apparemment, l’éthique et la politique ne sont pas à dissocier l’une de l’autre. Nous avons besoin des valeurs morales qui guident nos comportements, et nous avons également besoin des pratiques politiques pour la gestion de l’Etat. Il n’y a pas de vrais rapports entre les deux, mais des intersections qui leurs permettent de coexister. Elles entretiennent des relations complexes et l’une ne peut se faire au détriment ou à l’écart de l’autre.
Dans ce dossier, nous exposons, via un référencement bibliographique d’ouvrages et d’articles disponibles à la bibliothèque de l’institut Marocain de l’Information Scientifique et Technique – affilié au Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, premièrement la relation ou l’intersection des étiques avec la philosophie politique, et dans un second temps, l’évolution de la philosophie politique à travers les époques.
Ce dossier contient 67 références bibliographiques de 28 ouvrages disponibles au sein de la bibliothèque sous formes papier et électronique, de 4 ouvrages non disponibles, de deux revues et une recherche et deux lectures autour des ouvrages sur la philosophie politique. Le dossier contient également le référencement de 30 articles scientifiques extraits des bases de données scientifiques disponibles à la bibliothèque.
Un agenda scientifique des principaux évènements relatifs à la philosophie politique vous est offert en fin du dossier.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الفلسفة السياسية، الاجتماعية، الأخلاق، السياسة، تاريخ و انطولوجيا السياسة، الصراع، الديموقراطية، الحرية، الدولة، القوة، نظريات الفلسفة السياسية.
Mots clés
Philosophie politique, sociale ; Ethiques ; Politique ; Histoire et ontologie politique ; Conflit ; Démocratie ; Liberté ; Etat ; Pouvoir ; Théorie de philosophie politique.
Index des titres
فهرس العناوين
A
Anti-Machiavellism as constitutionalism: Hermann Conring's commentary on Machiavelli's The Prince, 52
Argumenter et délibérer entre éthique et politique, 22
Aspects de la pensée médiévale dans la philosophie politique moderne, 43
Auguste Comte aujourd’hui, 55
Autonomy, History and Political Freedom in Kant's Political Philosophy, 54
B
Between tradition and revolution: The hegelian transformation of political philosophy: Manfred Riedel, 61
Bourdieu, Rancière la politique entre sociologie et philosophie, 64
C
Charles Taylor et la philosophie politique de Hegel, 60
Chronique « Philosophie morale et politique » 2014-2015, 27
Contemporary political philosophy: Radical studies: Ed. Keith Graham, 69
D
De Freud à Lacan : le sujet du politique, 72
De la violence à la politique Kant et Hobbes, 54
Devenir citoyen essai de philosophie politique, 10
DU CORPS POLITIQUE A L'ORGANISME SOCIAL: De la philosophie politique à la sociologie et la science politique, 57
D'une cité l'autre essai sur la politique platonicienne, de "La république" aux "Lois", 30
E
État, représentation, démocratie. Que faire de la philosophie politique?, 25
Exposition du politique au mal ou absorption du mal par le politique. Machiavel et la philosophie, 52
H
Hegel's political philosophy, interpreting the practice of legal punishment: Mark Tunick, 61
Histoire raisonnée de la philosophie morale et politique, 20
Hobbes et la pensée politique moderne, 45
I
Introduction the political philosophy, 36
Introduction to the Political Philosophy of Democracy and Participation, 26
Islam et politique à l’âge classique, 35
Islam et pouvoir les finalités de la charia et la légitimité du pouvoir, 36
K
Kant's political philosophy: Howard Williams, 55
L
La Pensée politique de Hegel, 59
LA PENSÉE POLITIQUE DE PROTAGORAS, 31
La philosophie politique aujourd'hui idées, débats, enjeux, 62
La philosophie politique de Karl Popper, 69
Le devoir de justice:pour une inscription politique de la philosophie, 12
LE STATUT DE LA PHILOSOPHIE DANS LE "POLITIQUE", 26
L'enjeu Machiavel, 50
L’Ontologie politique de Martin Heidegger, 65
Leo Strauss. À quoi sert la philosophie politique ?, 24
Leo StraussLa crise du rationalisme moderne, 71
M
Machiavel, conflit et liberté, 49
Marxism and good conduct: Ethics and society, 70
P
Penser la liberté, penser la démocratie, 67
Philosophie du jugement politique débat avec Vincent Descombes, 68
Philosophie politique, 68
Philosophie Politique Théorie Politique, 25
Philosophie, politique et religion : Une exploration des paradigmes contemporains , 23
Politique et pensée, 13
Pour (quoi) la philosophie politique, 19
Pour une nouvelle philosophie politique, 44
Pour une philosophie politique critique?, 25
Prophétie, politique et action selon Machiavel, 51
Pufendorf disciple of Hobbes: The nature of man and the state of nature: The doctrine of socialitas, 47
R
Reason of state and the crisis of political aristotelianism: an essay on the development of 17th century political philosophy, 31
Review of political philosophy and time: Plato and the origins of political vision (, 32
T
The impact of nationalist ideology on political philosophy: The case of max weber and wilhelmine Germany, 70
The political philosophy of Merleau-Ponty, Sonia Kruks, 70
The reception of Hobbes in the political philosophy of the early German Enlightenment, 46
The state and social purpose in idealist political philosophy, 23
Thomas Hobbes, Christian Thomasius and the seventeenth century debate on the church and state, 48
ا
الأخلاق في السياسة من خلال محاضرة ماكس فيبر " "مهنة رجل السياسة والتزامه , 21
الأخلاق و السياسة - دراسة فى فلسفة الحكم, 17
الدولة والأخلاق والسياسة في السياق العربي الإسلامي, 10
الدين والسياسةوالأخلاق: مباحثفلسفيةفيالسياقينالإسلامي والغربي, 18
"الإسلام الأخلاق والسياسة" , 34
الضروري في السياسة مختصر كتاب السياسة لأفلاطون, 29
37 الدين والسياسة في فلسفة الفارابي
37 الفلسفة السياسية عند الفرابي
الفيلسوف الشاعر والسياسي مدخل إلى الفلسفة السياسية الفارابية, 37
الأفق الإنساني في الفلسفة السياسية عند أبي نصر الفارابي 39
الرد على ماكيافيل, 49
الفلسفة الاخلاقية الافلاطونية عند مفكري الاسلام, 40
الفلسفةالسياسيةاليوم: أفكار،مجادلات،رهانات, 62
د
دور الفكر في السياسة والمجتمع, 14
دراسات فى الفلسفة السياسية عند هيجل, 57
ر
رؤيةالفلاسفةفيالدولةوالمجتمع, 16
ف
فلسفةكانتالسياسيةالفكرالسياسيفيحقليالفلسفةالنظريةوفلسفةالأخلاق, 53
ك
كانط والشرعية المؤسسية الفلسفية, 56
م
مدخلإلىالفلسفةالسياسية: رؤيةإسلامية , 36
ن
نيتشه وسياسة الفلسفة, 66
ه
هايدجر والنازية التأويل الفلسفي والالتزام السياسي, 64
Ethique et philosophie politique
الأخلاق و الفلسفة السياسية
كانت وما زالت السياسة هي الشُغل الشاغل للكثير من الفلاسفة والمؤرّخين عن طريق سعيهم الحثيث لإرساء أنجع وسائل قيادة الجماعة البشرية و أنفع أساليب تدبير شؤونها، وتساؤلهم حول علاقة الممارسة السياسية بالأخلاق.
للأخلاق والسياسة ماهيتان مختلفان بطبيعتيهما، لكنهما في تفاعل دائم من أجل توجيه السلوك البشري نحو ما يعتقد أنه خير وتجنب ما ينظر إليه على أنه شر.
يتطرق الجزء الأول من هذا الملف الموضوعاتي الى مجموعة من المصادر المعلوماتية حول علاقة الأخلاق بالسياسة ورؤية الفلسفة السياسية حول بناء المجتمع الانساني وفق معايير أخلاقية معينة.
" لا يمكن للسياسة الحقيقية أن تتقدم من دون أن تكرم الأخلاق، إذ على السياسة أ ن تنحني أمام الحق ".
إيمانويل كنط
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الدولة و الأخلاق والسياسة في السياق العربي الإسلامي كتاب الدليمي حميد ISBN:995401702X Cote : 214.32 DLI |
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Devenir citoyen essai de philosophie politique Ouvrage Monconduit Francois ISBN:2802721968 Cote : 323.6 MON Présentation Etre citoyen en démocratie ne consiste pas seulement à exercer le droit de vote. C'est aussi être impliqué dans le devenir d'une société dont chacun est responsable. Celle-ci se construit quotidiennement à travers des actes et des comportements qui sont inséparables de nos convictions et de nos choix. Etre citoyen, c'est donc aussi agir avec soi et sur soi. C'est être souverain sur soi. Pour être citoyen, il faut donc le vouloir, le concevoir, et trouver la bonne mesure, car nous ne sommes pas souverains de droit divin. Pour le dire autrement, nous devons apprendre à être libres, au cœur même de notre finitude. |
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Le Sage Et La Politique : Écrits moraux sur la vieillesse et la douceur Ouvrage Recueil de textes extr. de "Diogène, revue internationale des sciences humaines", 1996-2000 ISBN 2226142509 2004 Cote : 179.9 BOB Résumé Considéré comme le père spirituel et le maître à penser de la gauche italienne, Norberto Bobbio est une figure emblématique d'une approche philosophique de la politique. Sa longue vie comme ses travaux ont été conditionnés par les vicissitudes de la démocratie dans son pays. Sa lutte contre le fascisme est à l'origine de l'influence qu'il a exercée sur la question des libertés civiles et politiques. Aux yeux des politiques et des intellectuels, il a joué un rôle d'« oracle », de conscience critique de la gauche italienne. Avec pudeur et modestie, Bobbio Monographie dans ces textes en partie autobiographiques une très belle réflexion sur la vieillesse, la « vie au ralenti », et sur le caractère particulier que prend la question morale quand elle s'approche de la sphère du politique. Evoquant les vertus morales, il justifie son choix pour la mitezza, la douceur, mais aussi la mansuétude, la tolérance ; une notion qui exclut tout esprit de conflit, de concurrence, de rivalité. Ni soumission ni docilité, mais aptitude à ne pas être vindicatif ou rancunier, c'est une vertu sociale, une disposition envers autrui. En ce sens, conclut-il, le refus d'exercer la violence contre qui que ce soit est une vertu non politique ; elle est même l'antithèse de la politique. |
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Le devoir de justice: pour une inscription politique de la philosophie Ouvrage Dekens Olivier ISBN: 2200265689 Cote : 340.11 dek Présentation Lévinas définit la philosophie comme l'instance de traduction de la responsabilité éthique dans des institutions juridiques. Le philosophe se trouverait ainsi soumis à une double injonction : entendre l'exigence de justice et travailler le corps du politique pour que cette justice trouve une forme garantissant son effectivité. Il s'agit dans ce livre, à travers une patiente traversée de l'oeuvre kantienne, de donner à la philosophie les moyens de son ambition politique, qui semblent faire défaut à Lévinas. Deux directions sont ici privilégiées. Celle d'abord d'une définition de la justice, comme Idée normative de toute action politique, et que Kant propose dans les textes qu'il consacre au droit ou à l'histoire. Celle ensuite d'une analyse du jugement kantien comme instrument du passage entre la raison et le sensible, que Kant voit à l'œuvre dans le jugement du sublime mais que l'on pourrait déplacer vers le lieu propre de la philosophie, l'écart séparant l'Idée de la justice et la réalité sensible de la politique. À travers cette lecture de Kant, il n'est question que de donner chair au devoir de justice. Recevoir son exigence, ne jamais transiger sur la dureté de ce qu'elle prescrit, ne pas cesser de juger ce qui doit être fait, ne pas oublier non plus que ce qui se fera ne satisfera jamais aux conditions d'une justice parfaite : l'oeuvre de la philosophie ne peut se déployer que dans la douleur d'un labeur patient. L'effet politique de la pensée est à ce prix. |
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Politique et pensée Ouvrage Colloque Hannah Arendt, politique et pensée 1988 Paris ISBN: 2228898937 Cote : 320.01 ARE Présentation « Le philosophe ne se tient pas de façon neutre en face de la politique : depuis Platon, ce n’est plus possible », disait Hannah Arendt. avec notamment des contributions de Barbara Cassin ( Les paradigmes de l’Antiquité chez Arendt et Heidegger), Catherine Chalier ( Radicalité et banalité du mal) et Paul Ricoeur ( Pouvoir et violence). " Le ‘‘cas Eichmann’’ et les Allemands" et " La responsabilité collective". |
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دور الفكر في السياسة والمجتمع كتاب Éditeur: دمشق: صفحات لدراسات والنشر،, 2007 [1427 ISBN: 9789163175576 306.2 RAB مدخل استندت معظم النظريات المتعلقة في الشؤون السياسية والاجتماعية على الفكر لخوض صراعها مع التوجهات الفكرية المضادة الممثلة لمصالح طبقات أو فئات اجتماعية متعارضة.
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رؤية الفلاسفة في الدولة والمجتمع كتاب Éditeur: دمشق : صفحات للدراسات والنشر،, 2007 [1427 ISBN: 9789163175568 Cote : 102 RAB مدخل الفلسفة هي علم الحكمة والمثل العليا للارتقاء بمنظومة العقل البشري لمراتب أعلى غايتها إشاعة مبادئ العدل والمساواة كأساس للحكم بين البشر. وهي علم إدارة شؤون الدولة والمجتمع بما يحقق الوفاق الاجتماعي والعدالة ويكشف عن مظاهر الشر والفساد في مرافق الدولة لتحسين أدائها بما يحقق مصالح الأفراد والجماعات.
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الأخلاق و السياسة - دراسة فى فلسفة الحكم كتاب ينقسم الكتاب إلى ثمانية أبواب يتناول الباب الأول "حتمية النظام الديمقراطى" والأفكار المبدئية عن الحاكم والأخلاق، أما الباب الثانى فيتحدث عن طبيعة التطور الثقافى، وخصص المؤلف الباب الثالث للحديث عن الخلط بين الأخلاق والسياسة فى حضارات الشرق القديم متخذا مصر والصين كنموذجين لهذه الحضارات، أما الباب الرابع فهو عرض للخلط بين الأخلاق والسياسة فى الفكر اليونانى عند أفلاطون وأرسطو، ويتناول الباب الخامس الفكر السياسى عند المسلمين وظاهرة الخلط بين الأخلاق والسياسة عند ابن أبى الربيع، والفارابى، والماوردى.
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الدين والسياسة والأخلاق: مباحث فلسفية في السياقين الإسلامي والغربي كتاب ولد أباه، السيد لائحة المحتويات: الفصل الأول. مدخل في التراث والإصلاح الديني -- الفصل الثاني. الثقافة والتقليد في نقد مفهوم الخصوصية الثقافية -- الفصل الثالث. تجديد علم الكلام من منظور فلسفات التأويل والعلوم الإنسانية المعاصرة -- الفصل الرابع. المشروع الكلامي لأبي الحسن الأشعري قراءة فلسفية راهنة -- الفصل الخامس. نظرية العدالة في الإسلام والقيم السياسية المعاصرة -- الفصل السادس. مقاصد الشرع ومحاولات تجديد المنظومة الأصولية -- الفصل السابع. الحق الطبيعي ومقاصد الشريعة: الخلفيات الفلسفية والأصولية -- الفصل الثامن. الأخلاق والقيم والدين: الفقه الإسلامي من منظور فلسفة الأخلاق -- الفصل التاسع. الذاتية والإعتراف في الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر فلسفة الدين الإيرانية نموذجا -- الفصل العاشر. الحداثة والتقليد لدى ليو ستروس -- الفصل الحادي عشر. السيادة والسياسة: نظرية المشروعية والشرعية لدى كارل شميت -- الفصل الثاني عشر. التقليد والمجال العام في فلسفة حنة أرنت -- الفصل الثالث عشر. الموضوع: رؤية الوجود والعالم في الفلسفات التأويلية المعاصرة -- الفصل الرابع عشر. نظرية العدالة لدى جون راولز: الأطروحة ونقادها -- الفصل الخامس عشر. المواطنة في عصر ما بعد الدولة الوطنية حول مفهوم المواطنة الدستورية لدى هابرماس -- الفصل السادس عشر. الجذور الدينية للتصورات العلمانية الحديثة فكرة السيادة من منظور نظريات العقد الإجتماعي -- الفصل السابع عشر. المسألة الدينية في الفلسفة الحديثة.
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Pour (quoi) la philosophie politique 1. Petit traité de science politique Ouvrage Papier et électronique Année : 2001 Pages : 300 Éditeur : Presses de Sciences Po (P.F.N.S.P.) ISBN : 9782724608267 Cote : 320.01 LEC Présentation : La science prétend dire tout le réel, physique et social, et ainsi le dominer. La philosophie prétend dire... le reste, « le sens de la vie ». Quant à « la politique », elle est mensonge. Vraiment ? Et si tout cela, et son reflet obligé (la « revanche » de la nature physique « violentée » par les hommes, et de la « société civile », violentée par l'État, la « déconstruction » des lois scientifiques, la « réduction » de la philosophie à une illusion), n'était que billevesée ? Et si l'unification de la science du génome humain, de l'intelligence artificielle, du marché et de la démocratie droit de l’homme que n'était que le récent avatar du darwinisme social ? Et si l'on avait oublié que l'homme, parce qu'il est social, parle toujours du réel « politiquement » ? Et que la division « Nature »-« Société » est elle-même politique parce que seuls des humains peuvent la formuler à partir des organisations où ils sont situés ? Et si la philosophie était une partie du contexte de la découverte scientifique et la science, une partie du contexte de la découverte philosophique ? Et si la musique et les mathématiques nous signifiaient également que le zoon politikon use toujours de langages sociaux de part en part pour essayer de dire plus que le social ? Et si le politique, à la fois l'objet dont nous parlons et le lieu d'où nous parlons, révélait que le réel est à nos yeux irréductiblement pluraux et en désordre et que la science quelle qu'elle soit, loin de le réduire et l'épuiser (c'est-à-dire le dissoudre), le renouvelle en y trouvant toujours de nouvelles énigmes dont la résolution ne tombe jamais tout à fait juste ? Et s'il ne pouvait y avoir de « théorie de tout » parce que nous nous essayons toujours à théoriser « universellement » à partir du seul « univers » humain que nous connaissions parce que c'est le seul dans lequel nous vivions : le « plurivers » politique ? |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST en version papier et en ligne sur le lien : http://www.cairn.info/pourquoi-la-philosophie-politique--9782724608267.htm |
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Histoire raisonnée de la philosophie morale et politique
ISBN version en ligne : 9782707172143 Présentation : Être heureux, seuls ou ensemble : individus ou communautés peuvent-ils s’assigner un autre objectif ? Comment penser cet « être ensemble » ? Au cœur de cette interrogation s’en dissimule une autre, âprement discutée depuis vingt-cinq siècles : est-il d’autre fondement possible au politique et à la morale que l’intérêt ? Mais l’intérêt, à son tour, consiste-t-il en autre chose que la poursuite du bonheur, du plaisir et de l’utilité ? De quels instruments intellectuels la pensée politique disposent-elles pour penser cette articulation ? C’est à partir de ces questions que s’organise cet Monographie, proposant une histoire de la philosophie morale et politique ambitieuse et originale. Une quarantaine de spécialistes français et étrangers, parmi les plus reconnus dans leur domaine, y présentent de manière accessible le résultat de leurs travaux. De Platon à John Rawls, en passant par Machiavel, Adam Smith ou Rousseau, de Montesquieu à Max Weber, ils montrent comment les interrogations se déplacent et les hypothèses se reformulent, mettant au jour les ruptures et les continuités. Cette histoire « raisonnée » de la philosophie morale et politique, sans méconnaître les clivages irréductibles, choisit de montrer qu’entre les doctrines parfois les plus opposées peut surgir un dialogue et que des points de rencontre et de débats inattendus peuvent alors se créer. Destiné à un public d’étudiants et d’enseignants, mais aussi au plus grand nombre, ce Monographie, qui est à la fois un outil d’initiation et l’exposé des recherches les plus récentes, constitue un Monographie de référence sans équivalent. |
| Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Cairn) sur le lien : http://www.cairn.info/histoire-raisonnee-de-la-philosophie-morale-et-pol--9782707134219.htm |
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الأخلاق في السياسة من خلال محاضرة ماكس فيبر "مهنة رجل السياسة والتزامه" بحث محكم 2014 ملخّص إنّ ما ننشغل بالتفكير فيه في هذه الدّراسة، هو إشكاليّة عامّة وعريقة ما انفكّت تؤرّق التفكير السياسي، وهي طبيعة العلاقة المفترضة بين الأخلاق والسياسة. لذلك نعاود التفكير فلسفيّاً في هذه المسألة بالاستناد إلى محاضرة فيبر الموسومة بـ"مهنة رجل السياسة والتزامه"، لا سيّما أنّ هذه المحاضرة ما تزال تحتفظ براهنيّتها إلى اليوم، وذلك من جهتين على الأقلّ أوّلاً: إنّ السّياق الثوري الذي حفّ بإلقاء هذه المحاضرة شبيه إلى حدّ بعيد بالوضع الذي نعيشه اليوم، إذ بعد أخذ الأنظمة الشموليّة في التهاوي تباعاً، يفرض السؤال التالي نفسه: ما هو شكل النظام السياسي الذي يستجيب لتطلـّعات إنسان ما بعد الثورة؟ لقد قدّم فيبر حلاًّ متمثلاً في دولة مهيكلة ومنظّـمة بيروقراطيّاً، كما أبدى إعجابه بالكاريزم كرمز لرجل السياسة المفترض. لكن لا يهمّنا الحلّ الذي قدّمه بقدر ما يهمّنا اليوم كيف فكّـر في آنيّته، وكيف اضطلع بمسؤوليّته بصفته مفكّـراً سياسيّا. ثانياً: لقد اتّـسم الوضع الثوري في عصر فيبر بـ"حرب بين القيم" التي تعني تعدّد التجاذبات والمماحكات القيميّة، وهو ما نشهد طغيانه اليوم. هل يجب أن يكون العمل السياسي مشروطاً بقيم دينيّة أم ديمقراطيّة أم كونيّة أم براغماتيّة؟ وبالتالي إنّ التردّد بين قيم متباينة - الذي حكم تفكير فيبر في السياسة- هو نفسه ما نلحظ حضوره الحارق اليوم. في استجماعنا للنقطتين السابقتين، تظهر لنا المشكلة التي نعتزم البحث في تفاصيلها، وهي كيفيّة توحيد الشأن العامّ السياسي حول مشروع مجتمعي مشترك بعدما مزّقته الصراعات السياسيّة، ثم وبالقدر نفسه كيف نؤسّس لقيم متجانسة تكون المرتكز الأخلاقي للفعل السياسي؟ بذلك نفهم رهان تحديد فيبر للسياسة، كمهنة من ناحية، وكالتزام من ناحية أخرى، وهو تحديد يُؤلّـف بين القدرة على الفعل وبين الحكمة العمليّة التي ينبع منها ذلك الفعل. هكذا نستأنف النظر في التساؤل الذي طرحه فيبر أثناء محاضرته، والذي ما زال إلى اليوم يحتفظ بكامل وجاهته: "كيف يطرح المشكل المتعلّـق بالعلاقات الحقيقية بين الإيتيقا والسياسة؟". تتفرّع عن السؤال المركزي عدّة إحراجات منها: أيّ علاقة ممكنة بين الممارسة السياسية والإيتيقا؟ وكيف للسائس أن يعيّن فعله في وضع تتجاذبه فيه عدّة عناصر متباينة، منها الاقتناع والمسؤوليّة والمجازفة والمبادرة واتّخاذ القرار الذي قد لا يخلو من ممارسة العنف؟ وإذا كان السائس ملتزماً بالقيم الأخلاقيّة، ألا يمثّل ذلك عائقاً أمام نجاعة فعله؟ أليس من الحنكة السياسيّة أن يستقلّ السّائس عن كلّ ضروب المعايير الأخلاقيّة؟ أم أنّ الفعل السياسي يجب أن يلتزم بإيتيقا معيّنة كي لا يسقط في الطغيان؟ ألا تمثل الإيتيقا جملة من الضوابط الملزمة والمؤطّرة للفعل السياسي؟ ألا يكفي السائس احتكاره ممارسة العنف كي نترك له أيضاً احتكار القيم الأخلاقيّة وتوظيفها للمزيد من تبرير العنف؟ نحاول في بحثنا أن نفصّل هذه المشكلات، وأن نتعرّف على موقف فيبر منها، ثمّ سننفتح على إجابات أكثر جذريّة من تلك التي قدّمها في محاضرته، وذلك استئناساً ببعض مفكّري الشأن السياسي والأخلاقي في أواخر القرن العشرين. يحمل العنصر الأوّل الذي يمثّل قطب هذه الدّراسة عنوان "في إيتيقا السياسة"، تناولنا فيه عرض فيبر لقاعدتين أساسيّتين للفعل السياسي، هما: "إيتيقا الاقتناع" و"إيتيقا المسؤوليّة". لقد عدنا إلى المعاجم الفلسفيّة كي نظفر بتعريف دقيق للاقتناع. ثمّ لمّا كان أصلها الديني يعود إلى "إيتيقا الإنجيل المطلقة"، كما بيّن ذلك فيبير، وجدنا تأصيلها الفلسفي في "أخلاق الواجب الكانطية"، لذلك كانت العودة إلى "أسس ميتافيزيقا الأخلاق" ضروريّة. ثمّ انتهينا بعد ذلك إلى التضارب الصارخ بين الاقتناع في نسختيه المسيحيّة والكانطيّة مع الفعل السياسي، وذلك بسبب واقعيّة الثاني ونسبيّته، وإطلاقيّة الأوّل ومثاليّته. هذا الأمر دعانا إلى اختبار "إيتيقا المسؤوليّة في علاقتها بالفعل السياسي" بالاستناد إلى فيبير: حيث قمنا بمقارنة الاقتناع والمسؤوليّة، ثمّ انتهينا إلى أنّ الفعل السياسي لا بدّ أن يشترط المسؤوليّة على النتائج المترتّبة عليه، سلبيّة كانت أم إيجابيّة. إلا أنّ المسؤوليّة كما قدّمها فيبر تبدو ذات مدى محدود كما برّرنا ذلك. لهذا الغرض، انفتحت هذه الدّراسة على مدى وجودي أعمق لمفهوم المسؤوليّة مع جان بول سارتر إذ إنّ الإنسان بإطلاق ـ وليس السياسي فحسب ـ محكوم عليه أن يختار الفعل الذي يريد ضمن وضعيّة وجوديّة مخصوصة شرط أن يكون مسؤولاً عمّا يفعل. أمّا العنصر الثاني، فنقديّ بالأساس لموقف فيبر من الإشكالية موضوع البحث. وقد ركّزنا نقدنا على ما يُسمّى "بالقراريّة الفيبريّة" التي تعني الحياد الكلّي للسياسة عن كلّ المعايير الأكسيولوجيّة،وبالتالي من حقّ السياسي أن يمارس العنف متى كان ناجعاً دون الاحتكام لعقل عملي يكون بمثابة الضابط الأخلاقي. إنّ هذه "القراريّة" أفرزت تبعات كارثيّة على مستوى الممارسة السياسيّة (حروباً عالميّة / أنظمة شموليّة) كما أنتجت تنظيراً سياسيّاً وفلسفيّاً للاستبداد، وقد استندنا في هذا المستوى على نقد كلّ من هابرماس وآلان رونو لمنطق القراريّة. ثمّ بعد ذلك خلصنا، في خاتمة هذا البحث، إلى فتح آفاق نحو الحلّ الفلسفي البديل عن فشل السياسي، فكان حلاّ ذا طبيعة إيتيقيّة من خلال تناول نظريّة الفعل التواصلي لهابرماس. |
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متاح علي الرابط http://www.mominoun.com/pdf1/2014-12/54998e28e853738626803.pdf |
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Argumenter et délibérer entre éthique et politique Article BERNARD REBER Archives de Philosophie Vol. 74, No. 2, Vertus et limites de la démocratie délibérative (AVRIL - JUIN 2011), pp. 289-303 Published by: Centre Sèvres – Facultés jésuites de Paris Page Count: 15 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/43038700 |
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The state and social purpose in idealist political philosophy Article Volume 8, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 333-347 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Science Direct) Sur le http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0191659987900064 |
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Philosophie, politique et religion : Une exploration des paradigmes contemporains Article Archives de sciences sociales des religions 2015/1 (n° 169) Pages : 380 ISBN : 9782713224683 Éditeur : Éditions de l'EHESS Résumé On a souvent décrit la modernité en la rapportant à l’idée de sécularisation du politique : à la faveur de la « grande séparation » hobbesienne, le pouvoir serait devenu un lieu vide, dissocié de toute attache à la transcendance, privé même de tout contenu substantiel. Cette étude entend rappeler que la philosophie politique contemporaine ne s’est nullement accommodée de ce processus de déthéologisation : au cours des dernières décennies, son propre a bien été, en s’appuyant sur le constat des « déraillements » de la modernité, de vouloir reconstituer une forme de lien entre le politique et le religieux. Cette intention partagée s’est incarnée dans trois grandes architectures de sens. La première tient dans le paradigme du recouvrement : il s’agit ici, tout en adhérant le plus souvent aux institutions démo-libérales, de replacer le droit politique sous dépendance de la norme religieuse. La deuxième position s’agence, quant à elle, autour du paradigme de la substitution : on saisit le politique alors comme un objet d’investissement religieux. La troisième figure relève du paradigme de la délibération : attachée au principe d’indétermination démocratique, à distance donc de toute primauté du spirituel comme de toute religion du politique, elle se construit, quant à elle, autour du dessein d’articuler, dans l’espace de la discussion civique, les convictions séculières et les croyances religieuses. Dans son ordre propre, la philosophie politique confirme l’hypothèse de l’inscription de nos sociétés dans une forme de post-sécularité. |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Cairn) Sur le lien : http://www.cairn.info/revue-archives-de-sciences-sociales-des-religions-2015-1-page-263.htm |
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Leo Strauss. À quoi sert la philosophie politique ? Ouvrage pages: 192 ISBN: 978-2-13-060764-9 Éditeur : PUF Résumé Acclamé comme rénovateur de la tradition philosophique ou honni comme maître à penser du néo-conservatisme, Leo Strauss est sujet à controverse depuis plusieurs décennies. Explorant les plus importantes des questions de son œuvre, le présent volume en offre la première introduction concise et complète en langue française. Plus précisément, il se concentre sur les querelles dont l’examen anime la pensée de Strauss : la querelle entre les anciens et les modernes, entre la vie théorique et la vie pratique, entre Athènes (la vie de raison) et Jérusalem (la vie de foi), et entre philosophie et poésie. Toutes ces querelles impliquent finalement une même question : la philosophie est-elle possible en tant que manière de vivre ? C’est aussi la question de l’éducation. |
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Philosophie Politique Théorie Politique Article ERIC WEIL Revue française de science politique Vol. 11, No. 2 (Juin 1961), pp. 267-294 Published by: Sciences Po University Press Page Count: 28 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/43118073 |
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Pour une philosophie politique critique? Article Miguel Abensour Tumultes No. 17/18, L'Ecole de Francfort : la Théorie Critique entre philosophie et sociologie (mai 2002), pp. 207-258 Published by: Éditions Kimé; L'Harmattan; Sonia Dayan-Herzbrun Page Count: 52 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/24596779 |
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État, représentation, démocratie. Que faire de la philosophie politique? Article Bruno Bernardi, Philippe Raynaud, Myriam Revault d'Allonnes, Michaël Fœssel and Édouard Jourdain Esprit No. 383 (3/4) (Mars-avril 2012), pp. 185-199 Published by: Editions Esprit Page Count: 15 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/24272779 |
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LE STATUT DE LA PHILOSOPHIE DANS LE "POLITIQUE" Article Jim Dratwa Revue de Philosophie Ancienne Vol. 21, No. 1 (2003), pp. 23-50 Published by: EURORGAN s.p.r.l. - Éditions OUSIA Page Count: 28 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/24354697 |
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Introduction to the Political Philosophy of Democracy and Participation Ouvrage électronique Citizen Participation in Planning A volume in Urban and Regional Planning Series 1977, Pages 17–19 Sommaire :
- PART 1: THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF DEMOCRACY AND PARTICIPATION - Introduction to The Political Philosophy of Democracy and Participation - CHAPTER 1 - Theories of Democracy and Participation - CHAPTER 2 - Two Key Concepts—Representation; The Public Interest - PART 2: THE ENVIRONMENT OF DECISION-MAKING |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Science Direct) Sur le lien : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080203980500073 |
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Chronique « Philosophie morale et politique » 2014-2015 Article Revue de métaphysique et de morale 2016/3 (N° 91) Pages : 144 ISBN : 9782130734130 DOI : 10.3917/rmm.163.0409 Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France Sommaire : Plan de l'article
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| Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Cairn) sur le lien : http://www.cairn.info/revue-de-metaphysique-et-de-morale-2016-3-page-409.htm |
Philosophie politique à l'époque grecque
الفلسفة السياسية في العصر اليوناني
لعبت الفلسفة اليونانية دورا بارزا في تاريخ الفكر الفلسفي بصفة عامة والفكر السياسي والحقوقي بصفة خاصة. لقد أرست تلك الفلسفة الأساس لمقاربة الطبيعة والمجتمع مقاربة نظرية على الأقل، فنقلت الفكر من النظرة العالمية الميثولوجية القائمة على التأمل الخيالي للواقع وعلى بعض التصورات الرامية إلى الفهم العقلي للوجود وتفسيره. لقد انطلقت الفلسفة اليونانية من الحاجة إلى المعرفة تاركة وراءها العقائد الدينية لآلهة الميثولوجية . كان فلاسفة اليونان أول من طرحوا قضايا أساسية تتعلق بالدولة والقانون والسياسة حيث وثقت العلاقة بين الفرد والدولة التي هي الطاعة المطلقة للقانون. لقد قدمت تلك الفلسفة بعض الحلول لمشكلات سياسية ثقافية اجتماعية واقتصادية ساهمت في الكثير من التطور المستقبلي للفكر السياسي، الذي مازالت نتائجه مسموعة حتى الآن.
يقدم هذا الجزء من الملف مجموعة غنية من المراجع و المقالات حول الفلسفة السياسية في العصر اليوناني.
"الحاكم كالنهر العظيم تستمدُّ منه الأنهار الصغار فإن كان عذباً عذِبتْ.. وإن كان مالحا ملحتْ"
أفلاطون
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الضروري في السياسة مختصر كتاب السياسة لأفلاطون ابن رشد محمد بن أحمد بن محمد ISBN: 9953431280 Cote:184ROC تقديم ان هذا الكتاب الذي ضاع أصله العربي، وضاع معه اسمه الحقيقي وبقيت منه ترجمة عبرية، يعيد نقله إلى العربية ضمن هذا المشروع د. أحمد شحلان. وقد عمد الجابري إلى استخراج اسمه الأصلي من متون مقالاته، وإلى ربطه بالصنف الذي ينتمي إليه من بين سائر مؤلفات ابن رشد.
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D'une cité l'autre essai sur la politique platonicienne, de "La république" aux "Lois" Ouvrage Rogue Christophe ISBN: 2200345631 Cote : 184 ROG Présentation Platon est-il sérieux ? Au sortir de la République, on s'interroge. Si oui, Popper a raison : voici l'ancêtre du totalitarisme. Si non, doit-on admettre, avec L. Strauss, que le vrai sérieux, chez ce disciple en ironie de Socrate, est de ne pas se prendre au sérieux ? La République ne serait-elle décidément qu'une utopie impossible, destinée à montrer la nécessité d'en rabattre pour qui se débat dans les limites de la politique réelle ? Il y a au moins un indice de bon sens : si Platon avait jugé la République pleinement satisfaisante, il n'aurait pas écrit les Lois. L'histoire a voulu que, durablement, seule la première retienne vraiment l'attention, les Lois, testament politique inachevé, restant une manière de continent oublié. S'inscrivant dans le mouvement actuel de réexploration de ces dernières, le présent Monographie resitue la pensée politique de Platon dans le seul contexte pertinent, celui d'une évolution qui, d'une cité l'autre, épouse le profond changement de perspective opéré par le platonisme tardif. Intégrant les apports du Politique ou du Timée, Christophe Rogue en propose une interprétation novatrice et féconde. Il nous montre un Platon étonnamment « moderne », qui découvre l'importance de l'histoire et en formalise la notion, s'alarme du désordre économique, et conçoit une cité à la fois ancrée dans le réel et fidèle au projet d'origine. Une cité confrontée aux interrogations mêmes que rencontre notre temps : rendre la loi légitime et la faire aimer, subordonner l'économie à la politique, construire un ordre à l'épreuve du temps. Dans cette cité réconciliée avec l'humain, Platon trouvera matière à un dépassement des approches qui a nourri la modernité politique, d'Aristote aux théories du contrat. Christophe ROGUE est normalien, agrégé et docteur en philosophie. Spécialiste de Platon, il a collaboré à de nombreux Monographies et est notamment l'auteur, chez Armand Colin, d'un Monographie de présentation de la pensée platonicienne (Comprendre Platon, 2002). |
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LA PENSÉE POLITIQUE DE PROTAGORAS Article Aldo Brancacci Revue de Philosophie Ancienne Vol. 30, No. 1 (2012), pp. 59-85 Published by: EURORGAN s.p.r.l. - Éditions OUSIA Page Count: 27 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (JSTOR) Sur le lien : http://www.jstor.org/stable/24358800 |
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Reason of state and the crisis of political aristotelianism: an essay on the development of 17th century political philosophy Article Volume 28, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 163–187 Plan de l’article |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Science Direct) Sur le lien : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191659902000207 |
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Review of political philosophy and time: Plato and the origins of political vision (with a new preface) : by John G. Gunnell. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Reprint. Originally published: Middletown, CN: Wesleyan University Press, 1968 Article Volume 12, Issue 3, November 1994, Pages 337-339 |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Science Direct) Sur le lien : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0732118X94900116 |
Philosophie politique en pensée islamique
الفلسفة السياسية في الفكر الاسلامي
لا ينفك ارتباط الفلسفة السياسية بقرينتها الفلسفة الأخلاقية في الفكر الاسلامي, فقد احتلت القيم, الأخلاق و الفضائل مكانا بارزا لدي فلاسفة السياسة المسلمين.
يعرض هذا الجزء من الملف بعض المراجع و مصادر المعلومات حول الفلسفة السياسية في الفكر الاسلامي.
يقول تعالي في القران الكريم
{وَلْتَكُن مِّنكُمْ أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ}
آل عمران:104
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الإسلام الأخلاق والسياسة" لـمحمد أركون مايو 2014 مؤسسة مؤمنون بلا حدود للدراسات و الأبحات مقتطف من المقال يُعدّ كتاب "الإسلام الأخلاق والسياسة" لمحمّد أركون من الكتب الجديرة بالعناية والاهتمام، لا سيما أنّه كُتب في سياق تفاعل هذا المفكّر الجزائريّ مع: "أعمال الندوة الدوليّة التي نظّمتها اليونسكو، بالتعاون مع رابطة الدعوة الإسلاميّة (طرابلس الغرب)، في باريس حول الموضوع التالي "الرؤية الأخلاقية والسياسية للإسلام"، وهي مشكلة تقع في صميم الأحداث الراهنة، وتخصّ مناطق عديدة من العالم، يسود فيها الدين الإسلاميّ. ولقد أثارت هذه المشكلة تبادلاً في وجهات النظر بين حوالي الثلاثين شخصيّة، ممّن ينتمون إلى الفلسفة والعلوم السياسيّة". فالواضح ممّا تقدّم، أنّ أركون طرح الأخلاق والسياسة في الإسلام في مناخ علميّ تميّز بحضور الرأي والرأي المخالف في نطاق محاورته لهذه الندوة العلميّة الدوليّة، لذلك فالكتاب برمّته هو ثمرة نقاش الأفكار والرؤى في شأن هذه القضيّة التي باتت تشغل بال المفكرين في الإسلاميات في مختلف أصقاع العالم، مثلما تدلّ على ذلك جنسيات المشاركين في فعاليات هذه الندوة العلميّة الدوليّة، ومن هذا المنطلق حرص هاشم صالح في هذه النسخة المترجمة لكتاب أركون - مدار اهتمامنا- على إرفاق محتوى البحث الأصليّ "الإسلام الأخلاق والسياسة" بملحق فيه مقاطع من الدراسات التي قدّمت في ندوة اليونسكو، والتي بعثت أركون على تأليف هذا الكتاب الذي يعتبر امتداداً للإشكاليات المطروحة في الملتقى العلمي السالف الذكر المنعقد في باريس بين 7و10دجنبر1982. |
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متاح علي الرابط |
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Islam et politique à l’âge classique Ouvrage électronique Année : 2009 Pages : 320 Collection : Philosophies Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France ISBN : 9782130568551 ISBN version en ligne : 9782130636229 Présentation La pensée politique de l'islam est habituellement abordée à partir des doctrines religieuses qui y sont nées ou des institutions ayant déterminé, de façon décisive, ses spécificités dans ce domaine. Ce Monographie renonce délibérément à cette perspective pour se consacrer à la pensée du pouvoir et du gouvernement qu'il étudie à travers trois traditions majeures : les textes des Miroirs des princes, ceux des juristes-théologiens, et ceux des philosophes. Un dernier chapitre consacré à Ibn Khaldûn permet de faire la synthèse de ces traditions et de montrer le seuil atteint par la pensée politique de l'islam à l'âge classique (VIIe-XVe siècle). Ce travail montre comment, à partir du VIIIe siècle, se met en place une approche positive du politique qui permet de déceler les signes d'une pensée séculière présente même dans la tradition juridico-théologique qui se réclamait de la loi religieuse. Loin des considérations essentialistes ou apologétiques portant sur le politique en islam, ce Monographie invite à suivre les différentes élaborations théoriques en soulignant leur universalité, et en les comparant aux traditions occidentales, sans perdre de vue la perspective de les ancrer dans leurs contextes historiques. Par ailleurs, l'examen du lien entre le politique et le religieux — qui est le fil conducteur de ce Monographie — met en évidence les multiples facettes que recouvre le concept de « théologie politique », dont certains aspects continuent jusqu'à nos jours de conditionner les penseurs et les acteurs du politique dans le monde musulman. |
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Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Cairn) Sur le lien : https://www.cairn.info/islam-et-politique-a-l-age-classique--9782130568551.htm |
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مدخل إلى الفلسفة السياسية: رؤية إسلامية Introduction the political philosophy كتاب أحمد محمد وقيع الله ISBN:9789933101138 Cote : 320.01 AHM تقديم
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Islam et pouvoir les finalités de la charia et la légitimité du pouvoir Ouvrage Boulaabi Abderraouf ISBN: 2296000509 Cote : 322.109 BOU Présentation Face à l'abondance du matériel historique, théologique, philosophique et juridique, on est confronté au choix de l'angle d'approche du problème politique en Islam. Cette Monographie aborde le problème politique en Islam à travers le thème de la légitimité, question centrale de tout pouvoir politique. Ce n'est qu'à travers cet angle qu'il est possible de réaliser une jonction entre le droit et la politique, une condition indispensable pour régénérer et rénover la pensée politique islamique. |
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الفلسفة السياسية عند الفرابي كتاب ابن عبد العالي، عبد السلام Cote : 189.18 ABD |
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الفيلسوف الشاعر والسياسي مدخل إلى الفلسفة السياسية الفارابية كتاب محجوب محمد Cote : 189.1 MAH |
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الدين والسياسة في فلسفة الفارابي مقال تقديم يستعرض مؤلف الكتاب، حكاية فلسفة الفارابي ومسيرة تطورها وعمقها في مضمون الحضارة العربية الإسلامية، مبينا انها اثارت جدلاً ونقاشاً واسعاً حول علاقة الفلسفة بالدين وبالسياسة، وانبثقت مقاربات فلسفية مختلفة للدين والسياسة. ويبين محمد أيت حمو انه شهدت هذه الحضارة حواراً غنياً حول مختلف مسائل العالم والإنسان والأشياء، إلى جانب سجالات ومماحكات في الفكر السياسي أثارها العديد من الفلاسفة، كالفارابي وابن سينا وابن باجة والماوردي والغزالي وابن رشد والجويني وابن تيمية، وسواهم من الفلاسفة الذين اسهموا بنتاجاتهم في الحقل السياسي الإسلامي. ويعتبر المؤلف أن غاية المرام من الدين هي نفسها غاية المرام من الفلسفة، وهي غاية المرام من السياسة أيضاً، وتتجسد في تحقيق السعادة الإنسانية. ويشرح حمو عمل الفارابي ما بوسعه كي يزيل فتيل النزاع وسوء الفهم بين الدين والفلسفة والسياسة، وميّز ما بين الملة الفاضلة وهي الأديان السماوية، وبين الملة غير الفاضلة وهي الأديان الوثنية، ورأى أن الملة شبيهة بالفلسفة من حيث التقسيم النظري والعملي لهما، فالمسائل العملية التي في الملة تجد كلياتها في الفلسفة العملية. بمعنى أن المسائل والأوامر العملية أو قل الشريعة التي في الملة هي تلك الموجودات الكلية التي في الفلسفة العملية وقد قيدت بشرائط. فالفلسفة العملية تعطي براهين ما هو عملي في الدين، بينما الفلسفة النظرية تعطي براهين ما هو نظري في هذا الدين. ولا سبيل إلى بلوغ مرتبة التبصر في الدين بدون الحكمة وعلومها المختلفة، لذلك سعى إلى أقلمة وتبيئة علوم الحكمة في البيئة الإسلامية، كي تصطف مع علوم الملة لتحقيق مشروع المدينة الفاضلة في الواقع الإسلامي. وتفترض دراسة الفارابي ربط فكره بالواقع الإسلامي وإبراز جوانب الخصوصية والأصالة لديه، خاصة وأن نصوص الفارابي مفتوحة، وتلعب دور المحرض على التفكير والتفسير والتأويل، الذي يسمح بالتجديد الفكري، والميلاد المتجدد للمعاني الخصبة، والدفع بعدم الرغبة في الانحباس عن التقدم في عملياتنا الفكرية، والانفتاح على كل العوالم الجديدة والآفاق غير المتناهية التي ترفع قلق العبارة الفارابية المتعددة، وتدفع بمقدمات ومبادئ واختيارات الفكر الفارابي إلى نهاياتها غير المنتظرة، وتحفز لاستخراج ما لم يتوقعه حتى صاحبه من أطروحات ممكنة جديدة وموجودة بالقوة في قلب أعماله الفكرية العظيمة المترامية الأطراف. وينطلق أيت حمو من عرض عوائق دراسة فلسفة الفارابي، واختلاف آراء الباحثين فيها، مع إظهار آرائه حول طبيعة كل من الفلسفة والدين، ومدى التكامل بين علوم الحكمة وعلوم الملة لدى هذا الفيلسوف. ثم ينتقل إلى تناول أهم ملامح نظرية الفيض الأفلوطينية، ونقد بعض الفلاسفة المسلمين لها، والصفات الواجبة في رئيس المدينة الفاضلة، والبرنامج المعرفي الإيديولوجي لأهلها، وأصناف الفئات المعاندة فيها والمدن الجاهلة وآرائها، ومفهوم السعادة وازدواجيتها، ليخلص إلى القول بتأرجح سؤال الإنسان بين الهامش والمركز لدى الفارابي. ويبين انه يعدّ الفارابي فيلسوف الملة بامتياز، وأول فيلسوف قدم تصوراً فلسفياً عميقاً للملة في الإسلام، وتناول الدين والمسألة الدينية في العديد من كتبه، مثل كتاب الحروف، وكتاب الملة وغيرهما. كما حاول الفارابي أن يفهم الظاهرة الدينية، ونظر إلى المدنية باعتبارها مدينة عالمية، مع التركيز على أهمية الرأي والعقيدة باعتبارها وسيلة للنظر في وحدة الفكر في الله، لأن العقيدة مؤثرة في المجتمع والناس، مع استحضار الفرق الكائن بين المدينة العربية والمدينة اليونانية التي لم تكن تضم إلا المواطنين الأحرار والعبيد الذين يخدمونهم، ومحاطة بجدار عرقي يبقي خارجها البرابرة. ويتمثل مفهوم الفلسفة عند الفارابي في محاربة الأسطورة وإدراك أو تفهم الواقع الجديد والإطاحة بأبعاده المختلفة، حيث تقدم الفلسفة في تصور الفارابي براهين الملة الفاضلة، لذلك أولى أهمية كبيرة للبرهان العقلي، باعتبار أن هذا البرهان هو الصورة الحق حتى للملة. وعليه، يضع الدين تحت مظلة الفلسفة، باعتبار أن الدين يقوم على الاعتقاد بالملة، ولا يقوم على البرهان، ويخاطب الناس على أساس أن يؤمنوا ويعتقدوا ويسلموا. فيما تقدم الفلسفة البراهين على ما يعطيه الدين بدون براهين، الأمر الذي يعني أن الفلسفة لا تخلو من منافع وفوائد للدين، وهي أسبق منطقياً منه، كونها تبرهن على ما في الدين من قضايا، حسبما تصور الفارابي. أي أن الفلسفة فوق الدين من الناحية المنطقية البرهانية وليس من ناحية القيمة، لأن الفلسفة النظرية أو العملية تعطي الكليات، أما الدين فيعطي الجزئيات. ويعتبر آيت حمو أن التصور الفيضي في تفسير ظواهر الكون والطبيعة، يمثل حضيض التصورات والعقلانيات، إذا ما قورن بتصور الألوهية والخلق، الذي بلغ مبلغاً عظيماً من التنزيه والتجريد في الإسلام، لذلك تتجسد معضلة الفلسفة العربية الإسلامية في أن أغلب فلاسفة الإسلام أخذوا من اليونان ما كان يجب عليهم أن يدعوه، وتركوا غافلين ما كان يجب عليهم أن يأخذوه. وشكّل ذلك مكمن الخلل في الفلسفة العربية الإسلامية، وذلك بالاستناد إلى الرأي القائل بأن قوة الفكر اليوناني في السياسة نظراً وعملاً، وضعفه في الدين، فيما تكمن قوة الحضارة الإسلامية في الدين، ويكمن ضعفها في السياسة نظراً وعملاً.
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http://www.albayan.ae/paths/books/2011-11-07-1.1532916 متاح علي الرابط |
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الأفق الإنساني في الفلسفة السياسية عند أبي نصر الفارابي مقال ديسمبر2014 مقتطف من المقال .......هذا الوصل بين الفلسفة والدين عند الفارابي يتفرع إلى الوصل بين السياسة والأخلاق، ومعلوم أن الفارابي من أكثر فلاسفة الإسلام اشتغالاً بالسياسة من حيث التأصيل النظري الفلسفي، وله في ذلك تآليف كثيرة، الجامع بينها هو هذه المقاربة الأخلاقية، فالسياسة عنده "تشتمل على معرفة الأمور التي بها تحصل الأشياء الجميلة لأهل المدن والقدرة على تحصيلها لهم وحفظها عليهم." والعلم المدني هو الذي يهتم بـ "إحصاء الأفعال والسير والأخلاق والشيم والملكات الإرادية الكلية التي شأنها أن تكون في المدن والأمم، ويميز الفاضل منها من غير الفاضل". شيد أبو نصر فلسفته السياسية على حاصل نظره في فلسفته الأخلاقية، وعلى نتائج فحصه للجهات التي حضر بها موضوع الإنسان في العلم النظري الذي اعتمده أساسًا لفلسفته الأخلاقية، إلا أن "بيت القصيد" في هذه الفلسفة السياسية هو ذاك الذي ضخم فيه الفارابي من مسؤولية الإنسان سواء كان من العامة أو من الخاصة أو خاصة الخاصة، بالرفع من منزلته إلى أسمى الدرجات، وبتحميله مسؤولية حاله ومآله، باعتماد معيار طبيعة معرفته وسيرته؛ أي أن الإنسان قد يكون هو أسمى المخلوقات الممكنة الوجود بطبيعة معرفته وآرائه وبنوعية سيرته، وبهذه قد يكون مبدأ السياسة الفاضلة أو السياسة الجاهلية والضالة فالإنسان إذن، في فلسفة الفارابي السياسية هو المبدأ والغاية؛ هو المبدأ لأنه المسؤول عن إنتاجها باعتبارها نظريات، وهو الغاية لأن غاية السياسة هي من أجل بلوغ الإنسان الغاية من وجوده التي هي السعادة القصوى، لذلك كان مفهوم السعادة مركزيًا في فلسفته السياسية، وشكل الخيط الناظم في عناصر النسق في هذه الفلسفة، ونقطة تقاطع مكونات البنية المفاهيمية السياسية والأخلاقية |
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الفلسفة الاخلاقية الافلاطونية عند مفكري الاسلام كتاب ناجي التكريتي نشر سنة 2014 568 صفحة ISBN 13 9789957713751 دار دجلة ناشرون وموزعون
تقديم بين المؤلف في بحثه هذا أثر النظريات الأخلاقية الأفلاطونية عند المسلمين، وقد قسم البحث إلى أحد عشر فصلاً |
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Philosophie politique moderne
الفلسفة السياسة في العصر الحديث
يهدف هذا الجزء الى الإحاطة بالخطوط العريضة لتطور إتجاهات الفكر السياسي الحديث كما عبر عنها أبرز فلاسفة و مفكري هذه الفترة الزمنية.
"الدولة هي توحيد عدد كبير من الناس باخضاعهم للقوانين."
(تأسيس ميتافيزيقا الأخلاق ص 195 ) كانط
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Aspects de la pensée médiévale dans la philosophie politique moderne Ouvrage élelctronique Sous la direction de Yves Charles Zarka Année : 1999 Pages : 286 Collection : Fondements de la politique Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France ISBN : 9782130498834 Présentation Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d’un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l’exploitation des Monographies indisponibles du XXe siècle. Sommaire Introduction Première Partie ‒ Positions médiévales
Deuxième Partie ‒ Synthèses tardives
Troisième Partie ‒ Relances modernes
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| Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST (Cairn) sur le lien : https://www.cairn.info/aspects-de-la-pensee-medievale-dans-la-philosophie--9782130498834.htm |
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Pour une nouvelle philosophie politique Ouvrage électronique Année : 2007 Pages : 240 Collection : Quadrige Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France ISBN : 9782130560302 ISBN version en ligne : 9782130639763 Présentation Dans cette Monographie dont la majorité des chapitres sont inédits, l'auteur explore les différents aspects d'une nouvelle philosophie politique. La philosophie doit désormais s'affronter aux faits, accepter de s'inscrire dans l'Histoire et répondre de sa vérité, même si « ses défis concrets ne sont pas aussi évidents que du temps d'Aristote, de Locke et de Kant ». Sommaire
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مجلة الباب- فصلية محكمة في الدين و السياسة و الأخلاق العدد التاسع- ربيع 2016 مؤسسة مؤمنون بلا حدود للدراسات و الأبحات عناوين بعض الدراسات و الأبحاث بهذا العدد اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﴩﻋﻴّﺔ: ﺗﻄﻮّرات اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ واﳌﻔﻬﻮم ﰲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ واﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ- رﺿﻮان اﻟﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴّﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺮدرﻳـﻚ ﻫﺎﻳـﻚ: ﻗﺮاءة ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﻔﻮي- ﻫﺸﺎم اﻟﻬﺪاﺟﻲ ﻗﺮاءة ﰲ اﳌﺪﻟﻮل اﻟﺴﻴﺎﳼ ﳌﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎروخ ﺳﺒﻴﻨﻮزا- ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدر ﻣﻠﻮك |
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الفلسفة السياسية عند, توماس هوبزHobbes et la pensée politique moderne Ouvrage électronique Année : 2012 Pages : 310 Collection : Hors collection Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France ISBN : 9782130619345 ISBN version en ligne : 9782130792116 Présentation Ce Monographie a pour ambition de montrer comment Hobbes met en place les concepts centraux de la politique des Temps modernes : l’élaboration d’une anthropologie politique complète, la refonte de l’idée de droit subjectif et l’invention des droits inaliénables de l’individu, la construction de l’idée abstraite de l’État conçu en termes de souve-raineté et de personnalité, l’invention de la représentation politique et de l’idée d’une volonté politique et publique. En outre, contrairement aux idées reçues, il s’agit d’attester que Hobbes n’est pas le penseur du monopole étatique de la violence légitime. Il a au contraire montré les antinomies qui sont au fondement du droit pénal. Il n’est pas non plus le penseur de la domi-nation, il a au contraire séparé la propriété et le pouvoir. Mais le philosophe anglais est aussi l’objet d’un grand nombre de débats à notre époque, c’est-à-dire à la fin de la modernité. Ainsi sa théorie de la liberté négative est conçue comme à l’origine de la conception libérale, sa théorie de l’intérêt et du contrat est récupérée pour comprendre le comportement des acteurs économiques, son concept de la souveraineté de l’État redevient d’actualité à l’époque contemporaine de la servilité de l’État. |
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The reception of Hobbes in the political philosophy of the early German Enlightenment Article Volume 29, Issue 3, September 2003, Pages 255–289 Plan de l’article 1. The philosophical context |
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Pufendorf disciple of Hobbes: The nature of man and the state of nature: The doctrine of socialitas Article Volume 34, Issue 1, March 2008, Pages 26–60 Résumé No doctrine of Pufendorf's is better known than that of socialitas. The reason is that Pufendorf himself declared that socialitas was the foundation of natural law. No interpreter of Pufendorf can therefore avoid dealing with it. Moreover, Pufendorf linked the issue of socialitas to the question of the state of nature, thus raising important issues with both theological and philosophical implications. Given the prominence and importance of this theme in Pufendorf's work, a close analysis of what he meant by it is central to the interpretation of his work, even though this means to pose again a new number of questions already discussed in the scholarly literature. In particular, this article examines the relationship between Pufendorf and Hobbes with regard to this central theme. In fact, a traditional historiographic topos is that Pufendorf and Hobbes fundamentally disagree on the doctrine of socialitas, while the former is closer to Grotius and to the Aristotelian-classic tradition that see man as a social animal. This article takes, instead, Pufendorf to be a follower of Hobbes, and tries to explain how the more traditional view of Pufendorf as a critic of Hobbes was in some way due to Pufendorf's own attempt to distance himself from the accusations of Hobbesism (and hence of atheism and moral indifference) that the critics made against him when his work first appeared. In order to do this, Pufendorf tried to rethink his own position within the history of ethics, and put himself on the side of the Stoics, of Grotius and of Cumberland, against Epicurus and Hobbes. This retrospective ‘illusion’ has greatly influenced later scholarship, giving us a distorted image of Pufendorf's own view of socialitas. A more precise account of the latter gives a better prospective from which to look at the relationship between Pufendorf and Hobbes. |
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Thomas Hobbes, Christian Thomasius and the seventeenth century debate on the church and state Article Volume 23, Issues 2–4, 1997, Pages 59-79 Résumé Along the entire course of that seventeenth century, the great principles of representative government and the rights of conscience were passing through the anguish of conflict and fiery trial (De Quincey). |
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الفلسفة السياسية عند نيقولو ميكافيللىي الرد على ماكيافيل كتاب فريدريك الثاني ملك بروسيا Cote : 320.01 FRE |
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Machiavel, conflit et liberté Ouvrage Audier Serge ISBN: 2711617483 Cote :320.011 AUD Présentation Parmi les pensées fondatrices de la modernité politique, l’œuvre de Machiavel est sans doute celle qui a suscité les appropriations et les lectures les plus contradictoires. Tantôt dénoncé comme l’initiateur maléfique d’une vision cynique du pouvoir, tantôt intronisé parmi les précurseurs de la science politique, Machiavel est apparu aussi comme l’une des figures majeures du républicanisme moderne. Cette dernière dimension a focalisé les recherches récentes, avec le courant néo-républicain : il s’agissait pour des auteurs tels que Pocock ou Skinner de montrer non seulement le poids des thématiques républicaines au sein de l’histoire moderne, mais aussi de retrouver en Machiavel une conception alternative au libéralisme. Ce Monographie propose une lecture différente du Florentin, centrée sur la thématique de la conflictualité politique et sociale, suivant les principales interprétations du XXe siècle, dont l’enjeu est de penser autrement la relation republicanisme-libéralisme attribuant au conflit un rôle clé dans l’avènement de la liberté. |
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L'enjeu Machiavel Ouvrage Sous la direction de Gérald Sfez, Michel Senellart Année : 2001 Pages : 272 Collection : Collège international de philosophie Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France ISBN : 9782130514619 Cote : 320.092 SFE Présentation Pourquoi lit-on Machiavel aujourd'hui ? En quoi son œuvre, conçue dans une autre époque, selon d'autres catégories et en vue d'autres fins que les nôtres, permet-elle de déchiffrer notre actualité ? |
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Prophétie, politique et action selon Machiavel Article Université de Grenoble 2/CNRS. Les Études philosophiques 2003/3 (n° 66) Pages : 144 ISBN : 9782130534426 DOI : 10.3917/leph.033.0289 Éditeur : Presses Universitaires de France Résumé : La notion de prophétie joue dans l’œuvre de Machiavel un rôle qu’on ne saurait minimiser. Cet article propose d’étudier la fonction de cette notion en relation avec la politique (considérée comme art de gouverner) et avec la représentation machiavélienne de l’histoire. L’article met enfin l’accent sur les liens entre celle-ci et la pensée de l’événement. Plan de l'article :
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Exposition du politique au mal ou absorption du mal par le politique. Machiavel et la philosophie Article Thomas Berns ARSP: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie / Archives for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy Vol. 87, No. 3 (2001), pp. 363-372 Published by: Franz Steiner Verlag Page Count: 10 |
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Anti-Machiavellism as constitutionalism: Hermann Conring's commentary on Machiavelli's The Prince Article Volume 37, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 102–112 Pact with the Devil: the Ethics, Politics and Economics of Anti-Machiavellian Machiavellism Résumé: In his Animadversiones on Machiavelli's The Prince (1661), Hermann Conring, one of the most famous of the early modern German professors of politics, further developed the constitutional reading of Machiavelli's The Prince, following in the footsteps of Bodin and the German political theorists of the previous generation such as Arnisaeus, Contzen, and Besold. For Conring, Machiavelli's exaggerated analysis of tyranny and his heavy emphasis on popular liberty offered not so much a realist political science but a dangerous prelude to the monarchomachic theory of popular sovereignty and a fatalistic concession to sin. Conring, a committed Aristotelian with Arminian sympathies, preferred a more empirical constitutional analysis (and a theory of the state) which did not favor any particular faction of the state (i.e. the people over the nobility) as the unique source of stability or instability and which explained the necessity for wickedness as the result of poor constitutional design rather than a realistic view of human nature and fate. Plan de l’article |
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Présentation
La crise de l’eau est largement répandue et la poursuite de l’application des politiques en vigueur en matière de gestion de l’eau ne fera qu’étendre et aggraver cette crise .
Ce présent dossier a pour objectif de présenter aux usagers de la bibliothèque une bibliographie diverse et riche, constituée de monographies, de thèses, de rapports, d’articles, de dépliants…traitant du domaine de l’eau.
Lire la suiteEau: gestion, reglementation et enjeux-territoriaux
Introduction
La part de l’environnement est substantielle dans la genèse des cancers. Et parmi les différents facteurs environnementaux qui contribuent à l’augmentation du nombre de cas de cancers diagnostiqués, les facteurs professionnels ont un rôle important.
La survenue des cancers professionnels dépend de nombreux facteurs. Les cancérogènes peuvent être des produits chimiques, mais aussi des agents biologiques, physiques,…
En effet, environ la moitié des agents chimiques et physiques, composés et procédés industriels actuellement classés cancérogènes pour l’Homme par le Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC), sont présents dans l’environnement professionnel.
Lire la suite : Cancers professionnelsLes nanotubes de carbones appliqués au cancer
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Introduction
Les nanotubes de carbone (NTCs) ont été découverts en 1991 par Sumio Iijima au Japon [1]. Ils sont constitués de minces feuilles d'atomes de carbone cycliques (benzène) enroulé sous forme d'une structure tubulaire maintenues ensemble par des réactions de Van Der Waals [1]. Cette nouvelle structure appartient à la famille des fullerènes, la troisième forme allotropique de carbone en même temps que le graphite et le diamant.
Les NTCs sont en général produits par trois techniques principales: ablation par arc électrique (EAD), ablation par laser (LAB) et par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD) [2].
Sur la base de leur structure, les NTCs peuvent être classés en deux catégories générales :
– Les nanotubes de carbone mono-feuillet (SWNT) : forment un mono-feuillet de graphène enroulé sur lui-même et fermé à ses deux extrémités par une demi-sphère qui se compose d’une couche de graphène cylindrique.
– Les nanotubes de carbones multi-feuillets (MWNT) : constitués de plusieurs feuillets de graphènes enroulés les uns autour des autres [3].
Les NTCs présentent une très grande rigidité qui est comparable à celle de l’acier, un poids ultraléger, une grande conductivité électrique, ainsi qu’une stabilité thermique et chimique avec un diamètre de l’ordre du millionième de millimètre [4].
Les NTCs sont devenus parmi des matériaux les plus étudiés au cours des deux dernières décennies. Leurs propriétés uniques laissent entrevoir de nombreuses applications dans les domaines de la microélectronique, des matériaux, de l’énergie etc.
Au cours des 18 dernières années, les NTCs sont devenus un outil populaire dans le diagnostic et la thérapie du cancer.
Dans ce dossier, nous allons faire un recueil non exhaustif de références (bibliographies et webographies) sur les nanotubes de carbone : découverte, structure, synthèse, propriétés et applications médicales des NTCs dans le diagnostic et le traitement du cancer y compris dans l'administration des médicaments, la thérapie photothermique, la thérapie photodynamique et la thérapie génique.
Références
1- S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature 354 (1991) 56–58.
2- Bilu Liu, Qingfeng Liu, Wencai Ren, Feng Li, Chang Liu, Hui-Ming Cheng, Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, their ropes and books
Comptes Rendus Physique, Volume 11, Issues 5–6, June–July 2010, Pages 349-354
3- Ahmad Aqel, Kholoud M.M. Abou El-Nour, Reda A.A. Ammar, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan, Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 1-23
4- S.K. Smart, A.I. Cassady, G.Q. Lu, D.J. Martin, The biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes, Carbon, Volume 44, Issue 6, May 2006, Pages 1034-1047
La découverte des Nanotube de Carbones (NTCs)
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
Article
S. Iijima
Nature 354, Année 1991
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Abstract
The synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C 60 and other fullerenes has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes. Produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis, the needles grow at the negative end of the electrode used for the arc discharge. Electron microscopy reveals that each needle comprises coaxial tubes of graphitic sheets, ranging in number from 2 up to about 50. On each tube the carbon-atom hexagons are arranged in a helical fashion about the needle axis. The helical pitch varies from needle to needle and from tube to tube within a single needle. It appears that this helical structure may aid the growth process. The formation of these needles, ranging from a few to a few tens of nanometres in diameter, suggests that engineering of carbon structures should be possible on scales considerably greater than those relevant to the fullerenes.
Article en ligne : www.me.berkeley.edu/~lwlin/me138/paper1.pdf
La structure des NTCs
Narrow (n,m)-Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown Using a Solid
Supported Catalyst
Article
S.M. Bachilo, L. Balzano, J.E. Herrera, F. Pompeo, D.E. Resasco, B.Weisman.Narrow (n,m)- Journal American Chemical Society, 2003
Abstract
Unusually structure-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been attained using a CVD method with a solid supported catalyst. In this method, CO feedstock disproportionates on silica-supported catalytic nanoclusters of Co that are formed in situ from mixed salts of Co and Mo. The nanotube products are analyzed by spectrofluorimetry to reveal distributions resolved at the level of individual (n,m) structures. Two structures together dominate the semiconducting nanotube distribution and comprise more than one-half of that population. The average diameter of produced SWNTs is only 0.81 nm, and a strong propensity is found favoring chiral angles near the armchair limit.
Article en ligne : www.eng.uwo.ca/people/jherrera/journal7.pdf
Carbon Nanotube-Perovskite-Composites as New Electrode Material
Article
Weidenkaff, Stefan G. Ebbinghaus, Thomas Lippert, Macarena J. Montenegro,
Material Research Society, Année 2002
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis and characterisation of La1-xAxCoO3 (A= Ca, Sr) (0 < x < 0,5) of different morphologies using pulsed laser deposition, ceramic methods and alternative soft-chemistry techniques.Furthermore the potential use of a La1-xCaxCoO3 /carbon nanotube composite material for oxygen electrodes isdiscussed.
Document en ligne: http://materials.web.psi.ch/Publications/Publ_MatDev_files/Anke_MRS_spring2002.pdf
http ://www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/seti-civilisations-avancees2.htm
Polymers containing fullerene or carbon nanotube structures
Article
Changchun Wang, Zhi-Xin Guo, Shoukuan Fu, Wei Wu, Daoben Zhu. Polymers containing fullerene or carbon nanotube structures
Journal Progess in Polymer Science
ISSN : 00796700 ; Année : 2004
Abstract
This review deals with recent progress in studies of polymeric covalent and noncovalent modifications of fullerenes (mainly C60) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their applications. By using functional polymers to react with fullerenes, or synthesizing polymers in the presence of fullerenes, various kinds of polymeric fullerenes can be prepared: side-chain polymers, main-chain polymers, dendritic fullerenes, star-shaped polymers, fullerene end-capped polymers, etc. Furthermore, by controlling the functional groups in polymer chains and reaction conditions, many well-defined fullerene polymers have been prepared. ‘Living’ polymerization methods have also been introduced for preparation of fullerene polymers, e.g. anionic polymerization, iniferter technique, stable free radical polymerization, and atom-transfer free-radical polymerisation. With these living methods, both the architecture of the fullerene polymers and the grafted polymer chains can be well-controlled. All of these methods establish a good platform for developing applications of fullerene polymers. The synthesis of polymeric CNTs is only in its infancy. However, present results show promise that the combination of the unique properties of CNTs with functional polymers will lead to novel materials with unusual mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Doping of polymeric systems with fullerenes in is also a very important research area, especially for preparation of electronic and optical materials. Both conducting and conventional polymers can be used as matrices in the preparation of functional composites. The structures and properties of these composites are strongly dependent on the properties and concentrations of the active components. CNT-doped polymers have also been prepared and show interesting properties. The combination of the unique properties of fullerenes and CNTs with polymers makes these materials potential candidates for many applications, such as data storage media, photovoltaic cells and photodiodes, optical limiting devices, photosensitive drums for printers, and so on.The applications of polymeric fullerenes and CNTs are also reviewed in this article.
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Structure and superconductivity of MgB2–carbon nanotube composites
Article
Wei J. ; Li Y.; Xu C.; Wei B.; Wu D.
Materials Chemistry and Physics; Année 2003
Abstract
It has been reported thatMgB2 lost its superconductivity when doped with 40 at.% Al. Here, we report on the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the structure and superconductivity of MgB2–CNTs composites. The lattice parameters of MgB2 with 10 at.% CNTs are a = 0.30815 nm and c = 0.35322 nm, slightly different from those of the pure MgB2, which indicates that carbon atoms may have substituted boron atoms inMgB2. The transition temperature of the samples decreases as the CNTs content increases. However, the samples added with about 40 at.% CNTs still have a transition temperature of 24 K. When added with bulk CNTs (between 20 and 40 at.%), the samples present a semiconductor behavior in the high-temperature region (above 40 K) and have superconductivity at low temperatures (below 32 K).
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Formation and atomic structure of carbon mini-nanotube
Article
Oku, Takeo; Hatakeyama, Rikizo; Hirata, Takamichi; Sato, Noriyoshi,
Physica B: Condensed Matter
ISSN: 09214526 Année: 2002
Abstract
High-resolution images showed the formation of a nanotube with a diameter of 0.5nm on the carbon layers. An optimized structure model for the carbon ‘‘mini-nanotube’’ C180 was proposed, which indicates that a cap of the ‘‘mininanotube’’ would be formed from C36 structure. The distortion of the mini-nanotube would be mitigated by the carbon surface..
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Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterization
Article
Ahmad Aqel, Kholoud M.M. Abou El-Nour, Reda A.A. Ammar, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan,
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Année 2012
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1991 by the Japanese scientist ‘‘Sumio Iijima’’, carbon nanotubes have been of great interest, both from a fundamental point of view and for future applications.
Different types of carbon nanotubes can be produced in various ways. Economically feasible large-scale production and purification techniques are still under development. Carbon nanotubes are discussed in this review in terms of history, types, structure, synthesis and characterisation methods. Carbon nanotubes have attracted the fancy of many scientists worldwide. The unique and unusual properties of these structures make them a unique material with a whole range of promising applications.
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La synthèse des NTCs
Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter
Article
S Iijima, T Ichihashi,
Nature, Année 1993
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes1 are expected to have a wide variety of interesting properties. Capillarity in open tubes has already been demonstrated, while predictions regarding their electronic structure6-8 and mechanical strength9 remain to be tested. To examine the properties of these structures, one needs tubes with well defined morphologies, length, thickness and a number of concentric shells; but the normal carbon-arc synthesis yields a range of tube types. In particular, most calculations have been concerned with single-shell tubes, whereas the carbon-arc synthesis produces almost entirely multi-shell tubes. Here we report the synthesis of abundant single-shell tubes with diameters of about one nanometre. Whereas the multi-shell nanotubes are formed on the carbon cathode, these single-shell tubes grow in the gas phase. Electron diffraction from a single tube allows us to confirm the helical arrangement of carbon hexagons deduced previously for multi-shell tubes1.
Indisponible
Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation
Article
Ahmad Aqel, Kholoud M.M. Abou El-Nour, Reda A.A. Ammar, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan,
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
ISSN: 18785352 ; Année: 2012
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1991 by the Japanese scientist ‘‘Sumio Iijima’’, carbon nanotubes have been of great interest, both from a fundamental point of view and for future applications. Different types of carbon nanotubes can be produced in various ways. Economically feasible large-scale production and purification techniques are still under development. Carbon nanotubes are discussed in this review in terms of history, types, structure, synthesis and characterisation methods. Carbon nanotubes have attracted the fancy of many scientists worldwide. The unique and unusual properties of these structures make them a unique material with a whole range of promising applications.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, their ropes and books
Article
Bilu Liu, Qingfeng Liu, Wencai Ren, Feng Li,Chang Liu, Hui-Ming Cheng
Comptes Rendus PhysiquE. Année 2010
Abstract:
The carbon nanotube (CNT) is a model system of one-dimensional nanomaterials, which shows numerous unique properties and vast potential applications. The synthesis and assembly of high-quality CNTs are the basis for studies of their properties and applications. In this contribution, we briefly review our works on the controlled synthesis of singlewalled CNTs (SWCNTs) and double-walled CNTs via floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition and arc-discharge methods. The in situ assembly of such CNTs into ordered macrostructures with various dimensions including ropes, films, and buckybooks are also presented. Finally, we introduced our recent findings on metal-catalyst-free growth of SWCNTs.
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Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls
Article
D S Bethune, C H Kiang, M S DeVries, G Gorman, R Savoy, R Beyers,
Nature, Année 1993
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Abstract
Carbon exhibits a unique ability to form a wide range of structures. In an inert atmosphere it condenses to form hollow, spheroidal fullerenes. Carbon deposited on the hot tip of the cathode of the arc-discharge apparatus used for bulk fullerene synthesis will form nested graphitic tubes and polyhedral particles. Electron irradiation of these nanotubes and polyhedra transforms them into nearly spherical carbon 'onions'9. We now report that covaporizing carbon and cobalt in an arc generator leads to the formation of carbon nanotubes which all have very small diameters (about 1.2 nm) and walls only a single atomic layer thick. The tubes form a web-like deposit woven through the fullerene-containing soot, giving it a rubbery texture. The uniformity and single-layer structure of these nanotubes should make it possible to test their properties against theoretical predictions.
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Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nano-necklaces by thermal plasma process
Article
Okuno, H. --- Grivei, E. --- Fabry, F. --- Gruenberger, T.M. ---
Journal: Carbon
ISSN: 00086223 Année: 2004
Abstract
High-yield syntheses of peculiar carbon nanotubes and carbon ‘necklace’-like morphologies have been obtained using a sophisticated thermal plasma technology. This method is based on a thermal plasma, which vapourizes the carbonaceous precursor in the presence of metal catalyst. Electron microscopy analyses provide evidences for a ‘stacked-cup’ structure for the carbon nanotubes. Carbon nano-‘necklaces’ are constituted by the repetition of multi-wall carbon spheres, connected alongone direction in a ‘bell’-like structure, and containingfrequently an encapsulated metal particle. Microscopic growth mechanisms are also proposed to interpret both syntheses. Due to their intriguing topology, these new carbon nanotubes and necklaces may find important applications in nano-technology.
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Synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes from coal in hydrogen-free atmosphere
Article
Qiu,J. --- Wang,Z. --- Zhao,Z. --- Wang,T.
Journal Fuel
ISSN: 00162361 Année: 2007
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were synthesized from coal in large quantity by arc-discharge method in hydrogen-free atmosphere, which were systematically examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the as-synthesized DWNTs have an outer diameter of 1.0–5.0 nm with an interlayer spacing in the tube walls of ca. 0.41 nm. The possible mechanism involved in the formation process of DWNTs is proposed and discussed in term of the unique chemical composition of coal and the process parameters adopted in the study.
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The synthesis of carbon nanotubes from Muller clusters
Article
Edgar, K. --- Spencer, J.L.
Journal: Current Applied Physics
ISSN: 15671739 Année : 2006
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes may be synthesised by chemical vapour deposition over supported Mu¨ ller clusters. A variety of both clusters and high surface area support materials were investigated. Molybdenum-only Mu¨ ller clusters catalyse the synthesis of very limited amounts of multi-walled nanotubes whereas iron–molybdenum Mu¨ ller clusters catalyse the synthesis of single-walled nanotubes when supported on alumina or magnesia.
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A green precursor for carbon nanotube synthesis
Article
Paul, S. --- Samdarshi, S.K.
Journal: Carbon
ISSN: 00086223 Année: 2011
Abstract:
The present work aims to explore a natural renewable precursor for the synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), conforming to the principles of green chemistry. MWCNTs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using a natural renewable precursor (coconut oil). Nitrogen gas was used as an inert atmosphere as well as a carrier for the evaporated precursor (flow rate: 100 mL/min). The synthesized MWCNTs are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The diameters of the synthesized nanotubes are in the range of 80 nm to 90 nm under optimum conditions.
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Les propriétés des NTCs
The biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes
Article
Smart,S.K. --- Cassady,A.I. --- Lu,G.Q. --- Martin,D.J.
Journal: Carbon
ISSN: 00086223 Année: 2006
Abstract:
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are well-ordered, high aspect ratio allotropes of carbon. The two main variants, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) both possess a high tensile strength, are ultra-light weight, and have excellent chemical and thermal stability. They also possess semi- and metallic-conductive properties. This startling array of features has led to many proposed applications in the biomedical field, including biosensors, drug and vaccine delivery and the preparation of unique biomaterials such as reinforced and/or conductive polymer nanocomposites. Despite an explosion of research into potential devices and applications, it is only recently that information on toxicity and biocompatibility has become available. This review presents a summary of the performance of existing carbon biomaterials and gives an outline of the emerging field of nanotoxicology, before reviewing the available and often conflicting investigations into the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of CNT. Finally, future areas of investigation and possible solutions to current problems are proposed.
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High power density supercapacitor electrodes of carbon nanotube films by
electrophoretic deposition
Article
Chunsheng Du and Ning Pan
Nanotechnology 17, Année 2006
Abstract
Carbon nanotube thin films have been successfully fabricated by the electrophoretic deposition technique. The supercapacitors built from such thin film electrodes have a very small equivalent series resistance, and a high specific power density over 20 kW kg−1 was thus obtained. More importantly, the supercapacitors showed superior frequency response. Our study also demonstrated that these carbon nanotube thin films can serve as coating layers over ordinary current collectors to drastically enhance the electrode performance, indicating a huge potential in supercapacitor and battery manufacturing.
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Hydrothermally enhanced photoluminescence of carbon nanoparticles
Article
Tian, L. - Song, Y. --- Chang, X. --- Chen, S.
Journal: Scripta Materialia
ISSN: 13596462 Année: 2010
Abstract
Luminescent carbon nanoparticles were prepared from natural gas soot. The photoluminescence was found to be enhanced more than 10-fold when the particles were subjected to hydrothermal treatment between 200 and 340 _C for up to 15 h. This was accounted for by the effective removal of quinone moieties from the particle surface. Consistent results were obtained from UV– visible, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrochemical measurements. The correlation may be exploited for controlled manipulation
of nanoparticle optoelectronic properties
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Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing,mechanical and electrical properties
Article
Spitalsky, Z. --- Tasis, D. --- Papagelis, K. --- Galiotis, C.
Journal: Progress in Polymer Science
ISSN: 00796700 Année: 2010
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have long been recognized as the stiffest and strongest man-made material known to date. In addition, their high electrical conductivity has roused interest in the area of electrical appliances and communication related applications. However, due to their miniscule size, the excellent properties of these nanostructures can only be exploited if they are homogeneously embedded into light-weight matrices as those offered by a whole series
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Pull-out simulations on interfacial properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites
Article
Li, Y. --- Liu, Y. --- Peng, X. --- Yan, C. --- et al.
Journal: Computational Materials Science
ISSN: 09270256 Année: 2011
Abstract
A series of pull-out simulations of carbon nanotube (CNT) has been carried out to investigate the interfacial properties between CNT and polymer matrix for two-phase CNT/polymer nanocomposites with only consideration of van der Waals (vdW) interaction. The effects of nanotube length, diameter, and wall number on the pull-out processes are studied for the first time, which indicates that the pull-out force related to interfacial properties is independent of nanotube length, but is proportional to nanotube diameter.Instead of the conventional constant assumption with uniform distribution, the corresponding interfacial shear stress is found to be distributed at each end of the embedded CNT within the range of 1 nm, which is very close to the cut-off distance of vdW interaction. These characteristics for the interfacial properties between CNT and polymer matrix are surprisingly coincident with those among nested wall in a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Moreover, the saturated surface energy density in CNT/ polymer nanocomposites is very close to the previous reports, which indicates the effectiveness of the present simulation.
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Electrical and thermal properties of polyamide 12 composites with hybrid fillers systems of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon black
Article
Socher, R.--- Krause, B. --- Hermasch, S. --- Wursche, R. --- et al.
Journal: Composites Science and Technology
ISSN: 02663538; Année : 2011
Abstract
Hybrid filler systems of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) were incorporated into two types of polyamide 12 (PA12) using small-scale melt mixing in order to identify potential synergistic effects on the interaction of these two electrical conductive fillers. Although no synergistic effects were observed regarding the electrical percolation threshold, at loadings well above the percolation threshold higher volume conductivities were obtained for samples containing both, MWCNT and CB, as compared to single fillers. This effect was more pronounced when using a higher viscous PA12 matrix.
The formation of a co-supporting network can be assumed. The combined use of CB and MWCNTs improved the macrodispersion of MWCNT agglomerates, which can be assigned as a synergistic effect. DSC measurements indicated an effect of the nanofiller on crystallisation temperatures of PA12; however this was independent of the kind or amount of the carbon nanofiller.
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Influence of different carbon nanotubes on the electrical and mechanical properties of melt mixed poly(ether sulfone)-multi walled carbon nanotube composites
Article
Sourav Chakrabortya Jürgen Piontecka,Beate Krausea; Susanta Banerjee; Brigitte Voit
Composites Science and Technology; Année 2013
Abstract
Commercial Udel_ poly(ether sulfone) (PSU) was filled with three different commercially available multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by small scale melt mixing. The MWCNTs were as grown NC 7000 and two of its derivatives prepared by ball milling treatment. One of them was unmodified (NC 3150); the other was amino modified (NC 3152). The main difference beside the reactivity was the reduced aspect ratio of NC 3150 and NC 3152 caused by ball milling process. All PSU/MWCNT composites with similar filler content were prepared under fixed processing conditions and comparative analysis of their electrical and mechanical properties were performed and were correlated with their microstructure, characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A non-uniform MWCNT dispersion was observed in all composites. The MWCNTs were present in form of agglomerates in the size of 10–60 lm whereas the deagglomerated part was homogeneously distributed in the PSU matrix. The differences in the agglomeration states correlate with the variations of properties between different PSU/MWCNT composites. The lowest electrical percolation threshold of 0.25–0.5 wt.% was observed for the shortened non-functionalized MWCNT composites and the highest for amine-modified MWCNT composites (ca. 1.5 wt.%). The tensile behavior of the three composites was only slightly altered with CNT loading as compared to the pure PSU. However, the elongation at break showed a reduction with MWCNT loading and the reduction was least for composite with best MWCNT dispersion.
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Synthesis and field emission property of carbon nanotubeswith sharp tips
Article
Yan-li Zhang, Li-li Zhang, Peng-xiang Hou, Hua Jiang, Chang Liu, Hui-ming Cheng,
New Carbon Materials, Année 2011
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with sharp tips were synthesized by a hydrogen arc discharge method. Three unusual morphologies, i.e., a cone-shaped tip, a suddenly-shrinking tip, and a pencil point-like tip were observed. These novel tip structures are considered to be related to the addition of a small amount of silicon powder in the raw material, which may introduce structural defects in the CNTs. The field emission property of the sharp-tip CNTs was investigated, and a low threshold electric field of 3.75 V/m, a high field emission current density of ~1.6×105 A/cm2, and a good emission stability were demonstrated. The superior field emission performance of the CNTs can be attributed to their good crystallinity and unique tip structures.
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Les outils de diagnostic basés sur les NTCs
Complementary detection of prostate-specific antigen using In 2O3 nanowires and carbon nanotubes
Article
C. Li, M. Curreli, H. Lin, et al.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. Année 2005
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Abstract
We report complementary detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using n-type In2O3 nanowires and p-type carbon nanotubes. Our innovation involves developing an approach to covalently attach antibodies to In2O3 NW surfaces via the onsite surface synthesis of phosphonic acid-succinylimide ester. Electronic measurements under dry conditions revealed complementary response for In2O3 NW and SWNT devices after the binding of PSA. Real-time detection in solution has also been demonstrated for PSA down to 5 ng/mL, a benchmark concentration significant for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer.
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Carbon nanotube amplification strategies for highly sensitive immunodetection of cancer biomarkers
Article
X. Yu, B. Munge, V. Patel, et al.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 Année 2006
Journal American Chemical Society, Année 2006
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Abstract
We describe herein the combination of electrochemical immunosensors using single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) forest platforms with multi-label secondary antibody-nanotube bioconjugates for highly sensitive detection of a cancer biomarker in serum and tissue lysates. Greatly amplified sensitivity was attained by using bioconjugates featuring horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labels and secondary antibodies (Ab 2) linked to carbon nanotubes (CNT) at high HRP/Ab 2 ratio. This approach provided a detection limit of 4 pg mL -1 (100 amol mL -1), for prostate specific antigen (PSA) in 10 μL of undiluted calf serum, a mass detection limit of 40 fg. Accurate detection of PSA in human serum samples was demonstrated by comparison to standard ELISA assays. PSA was quantitatively measured in prostate tissue samples for which PSA could not be differentiated by the gold standard immunohistochemical staining method. These easily fabricated SWNT immunosensors show excellent promise for clinical screening of cancer biomarkers and point-of-care diagnostics.
Disponible sur le web:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2482602/
Label-free immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen based on single-walled carbon nanotube array-modified microelectrodes.
Article
Okuno, J. --- Maehashi, K. --- Kerman, K. --- Takamura, Y.
Journal: Biosensors and Bioelectronics
ISSN: 09565663 Année: 2007
Abstract
We have fabricated a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using microelectrode arrays modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Label-free detection of a cancer marker, total prostate-specific antigen (T-PSA), was carried out using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The current signals, derived from the oxidation of tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) residues, increased with the interaction between T-PSA on T-PSA-mAb covalently immobilized on SWNTs. The selectivity of our biosensor was challenged using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the target protein. The detection limit for T-PSA was determined as 0.25 ng/mL. Since the cut-off limit of T-PSA between prostate hyperplasia and cancer is 4 ng/mL, the performance of our label-free electrochemical immunosensor seems promising for further clinical applications.
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A novel amperometric immunosensor based on layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-thionine multilayer films on polyelectrolyte surface
Article
Chaofeng Ou, Ruo Yuan, Yaqin Chai, Mingyu Tang, Rong Chai, Xiulan He
Journal: Analytica Chimica Acta
ISSN: 00032670 Année: 2007
Abstract
A highly sensitive and label-free amperometric immunosensor has been developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes-thionine (MWNTs-THI) and chitosan (CHIT) on 3-mercaptopropanesulfonic, sodium salt (MPS)-modified gold electrode surface by electrostatic adsorption. The stepwise LBL assembly process of electroactive species on electrode surface was characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in PBS. The factors influencing the performance of the resulting immunosensor were studied in detail. The morphologies of MWNTs, MWNTs-THI and GNPs-MWNTs-THI-CHIT were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The immunosensor was highly sensitive to CEA with a detection limit of 0.01 ng mL -1 (signal/noise ratio of 3) and the linear range with two concentration intermittences was from 0.5 to 15.0 ng mL -1 and from 15.0 to 200.0 ng mL -1, respectively. In addition, the prepared immunosensor could be regenerated 10 times with 5 M urea solution. When the immunosensor was stored at 4 °C and measured intermittently (every 4-6 days), no apparent change was found over 3 months. The immunosensor system showed an excellent reproducibility and stability
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An amperometric immunosensor for separation-free immunoassay of CA125 based on its covalent immobilization coupled with thionine on carbon nanofiber.
Article
Wu,L. --- Yan,F. --- JuH.
Journal: Journal of Immunological Methods
ISSN: 00221759 Année: 2007
Abstract
A carbon nanomaterial, soluble carbon nanofiber, was used for the first time to construct an immunosensor for a rapid separation-free immunoassay. The acidic oxidation of the carbon nanofiber provided its solubility and wettability for convenient preparation of a porous carbon nanofiber membrane and a larger number of active sites for covalent binding of carcinoma antigen-125 (CA125) and thionine as electron transfer mediator. This matrix was a suitable environment for the immobilized protein. The immobilized HRP-labeled immunoconjugate showed good enzymatic activity for the oxidation of thionine by hydrogen peroxide. With a competitive mechanism, the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of this system decreased linearly with increasing CA125 concentration (from 2 to 75 U/ml) in the incubation solution. The CA125 immunosensor showed good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability and reproducibility with a detection limit of 1.8 U/ml. The soluble carbon nanofiber is a novel method for preparation of immunosensors.
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Layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer films of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and platinum-Prussian blue hybrid nanoparticles for the fabrication of amperometric immunosensor
Article
C.F. Ou, S.H. Chen, R. Yuan, et al.,
Journal Electroanal. Chemestry Année 2008
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Abstract
A label-free amperometric immunosensor for the detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) based on the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of positively charged multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (MCNTs-CS) and negatively charged platinum-Prussian blue hybrid nanoparticles (Pt-PB) on 3-mercaptopropanesulfonic, sodium salt (MPS) modified electrode is described in this paper. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to characterize the morphologies of Pt-PB and Pt-PB-MCNTs-CS. The stepwise LBL assembly process of electroactive species on electrode surface was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The immunosensor shows good analytical performance such as low detection limit (0.08 ng ml-1), wide linear range (from 0.1 to 15.0 and from 15.0 to 200.0 ng ml-1), good regeneration, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility for the determination of AFP. Application of the immunosensor to clinical samples demonstrated that results were in good agreement with ELISA.
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Poly-L-lysine/hydroxyapatite/carbon nanotube hybrid nanocomposite applied for piezoelectric immunoassay of carbohydrate antigen 19-9.
Article
Y.J. Ding, J. Liu, X.Y. Jin, et al.,
Analyst 133 Année 2008
Abstract
Hybrid composites are of special scientific interest for biochemical applications wherein the abilities to modulate the morphology and property of the hybrid material are important. In this paper, the formation of poly-L-lysine/hydroxyapatite/carbon nanotube (PLL/HA/CNT) hybrid nanoparticles is described and a general design strategy for an immunosensing platform has been proposed on the basis of PLL/HA/CNT nanocomposite adsorption of antibodies. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used as a model transducer and the detection performances of the resulting immunosensor were investigated by use of the immuno-system of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), an important indicator in the diagnosis of clinical cancers. The hybrid nanocomposite was characterized by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrum measurements. The frequency response characteristics for the processes of immobilization and immunoreaction of anchored anti-CA19-9 antibodies were studied in detail. It was found that the developed sensing interface has some advantages such as the activation-free immobilization and the high antigen-binding activities of antibodies. The as-prepared immunosensor can allow for the determination of CA19-9 in the concentration range of around 12.5-270.0 U ml(-1). Such an interface design with the hybrid nanocomposite should be tailored as a new alternative used for biosensor design.
Indisponible
Les outils de traitement basés sur les NTCs
Application des NTCS dans l’administration des médicaments
Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as rationally designed vehicles for tumor-targeted drug delivery
Article
J.Y. Chen, S.Y. Chen, X.R. Zhao
Journal: American Chemical Society; Année 2008
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Abstract
A novel single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based tumor-targeted drug delivery system (DDS) has been developed, which consists of a functionalized SWNT linked to tumor-targeting modules as well as prodrug modules. There are three key features of this nanoscale DDS: (a) use of functionalized SWNTs as a biocompatible platform for the delivery of therapeutic drugs or diagnostics, (b) conjugation of prodrug modules of an anticancer agent (taxoid with a cleavable linker) that is activated to its cytotoxic form inside the tumor cells upon internalization and in situ drug release, and (c) attachment of tumor-recognition modules (biotin and a spacer) to the nanotube surface. To prove the efficacy of this DDS, three fluorescent and fluorogenic molecular probes were designed, synthesized, characterized, and subjected to the analysis of the receptor-mediated endocytosis and drug release inside the cancer cells (L1210FR leukemia cell line) by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy. The specificity and cytotoxicity of the conjugate have also been assessed and compared with L1210 and human noncancerous cell lines. Then, it has unambiguously been proven that this tumor-targeting DDS works exactly as designed and shows high potency toward specific cancer cell lines, thereby forming a solid foundation for further development
Disponible sur le web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888730/
Triple functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker for targeted cancer therapy
Article
Heister, E. --- Neves, V. --- Tilmaciu, C. --- Lipert, K. --- et al,
Journal Carbon, Année 2009
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been identified as a transporter for anticancer drugs, as they are capable of penetrating mammalian cell membranes and allow for a high drug loading due to their nanoscale dimensions and high aspect ratio. In addition, they can assist the targeting of therapeutic agents to the desired site of action by conjugation to antibodies or ligands of cancer cell surface receptors, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment and reduces side effects. In this work, we present a method for the triple functionalisation of oxidised SWCNTs with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker at non-competing binding sites. The proposed methodology allows for the targeted delivery of the anti-cancer drug to cancer cells and the visualisation of the cellular uptake of SWCNTs by confocal microscopy. We show that the complex is efficiently taken up by cancer cells with subsequent intracellular release of doxorubicin, which then translocates to the nucleus while the nanotubes remain in the cytoplasm.
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Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro with EGF-directed carbon nanotube-based drug delivery.
Article
A.A. Bhirde, V. Patel, J. Gavard, et al.,
ASC NANO 3 Année 2009
Abstract
Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery holds great promise for cancer therapy. Herein we report the first targeted, in vivo killing of cancer cells using a drug-single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bioconjugate, and demonstrate efficacy superior to nontargeted bioconjugates. First line anticancer agent cisplatin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were attached to SWNTs to specifically target squamous cancer, and the nontargeted control was SWNT-cisplatin without EGF. Initial in vitro imaging studies with head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) overexpressing EGF receptors (EGFR) using Qdot luminescence and confocal microscopy showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF bioconjugates internalized rapidly into the cancer cells. Limited uptake occurred for control cells without EGF, and uptake was blocked by siRNA knockdown of EGFR in cancer cells, revealing the importance of EGF-EGFR binding. Three color, two-photon intravital video imaging in vivo showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF injected into live mice was selectively taken up by HNSCC tumors, but SWNT-Qdot controls with no EGF were cleared from the tumor region in <20 min. HNSCC cells treated with SWNT-cisplatin-EGF were also killed selectively, while control systems that did not feature EGF-EGFR binding did not influence cell proliferation. Most significantly, regression of tumor growth was rapid in mice treated with targeted SWNT-cisplatin-EGF relative to nontargeted SWNT-cisplatin.
Disponible sur le web : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665730/
Targeted single-wall carbon nanotube-mediated Pt(IV) prodrug delivery using folate as a homing device
Article
S. Dhar, Z. Liu, J. Thomale, et al.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. Année 2008
Abstract
Most low-molecular-weight platinum anticancer drugs have short blood circulation times that are reflected in their reduced tumor uptake and intracellular DNA binding. A platinum(IV) complex of the formula c, c, t-[Pt(NH 3) 2Cl 2(O 2CCH 2CH 2CO 2H)(O 2CCH 2CH 2CONH-PEG-FA)] ( 1), containing a folate derivative (FA) at an axial position, was prepared and characterized. Folic acid offers a means of targeting human cells that highly overexpress the folate receptor (FR). Compound 1 was attached to the surface of an amine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT-PL-PEG-NH 2) through multiple amide linkages to use the SWNTs as a "longboat delivery system" for the platinum warhead, carrying it to the tumor cell and releasing cisplatin upon intracellular reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II). The ability of SWNT tethered 1 to destroy selectively FR(+) vs FR(-) cells demonstrated its ability to target tumor cells that overexpress the FR on their surface. That the SWNTs deliver the folate-bearing Pt(IV) cargos into FR(+) cancer cells by endocytosis was demonstrated by the localization of fluorophore-labeled SWNTs using fluorescence microscopy. Once inside the cell, cisplatin, formed upon reductive release from the longboat oars, enters the nucleus and reacts with its target nuclear DNA, as determined by platinum atomic absorption spectroscopy of cell extracts. Formation of the major cisplatin 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-links on the nuclear DNA was demonstrated by use of a monoclonal antibody specific for this adduct. The SWNT-tethered compound 1 is the first construct in which both the targeting and delivery moieties have been incorporated into the same molecule; it is also the first demonstration that intracellular reduction of a Pt(IV) prodrug leads to the cis-{Pt((NH 3) 2} 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link in nuclear DNA.
Disponible sur le web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536766/
Supramolecular chemistry on water-soluble carbon nanotubes for drug loading and delivery.
Article
Z. Liu, X.M. Sun, N. Nakayama-Ratchford, H.J. Dai,
ACS NANO Année 2007
Abstract
We show that large surface areas exist for supramolecular chemistry on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) prefunctionalized noncovalently or covalently by common surfactant or acid-oxidation routes. Water-soluble SWNTs with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalization via these routes allow for surprisingly high degrees of pi-stacking of aromatic molecules, including a cancer drug (doxorubicin) with ultrahigh loading capacity, a widely used fluorescence molecule (fluorescein), and combinations of molecules. Binding of molecules to nanotubes and their release can be controlled by varying the pH. The strength of pi-stacking of aromatic molecules is dependent on nanotube diameter, leading to a method for controlling the release rate of molecules from SWNTs by using nanotube materials with suitable diameter. This work introduces the concept of "functionalization partitioning" of SWNTs, i.e., imparting multiple chemical species, such as PEG, drugs, and fluorescent tags, with different functionalities onto the surface of the same nanotube. Such chemical partitioning should open up new opportunities in chemical, biological, and medical applications of novel nanomaterials.
Indisponible
Tumor targeting with antibody-functionalized, radiolabeled carbon nanotubes.
Article
M.R. McDevitt, D. Chattopadhyay, B.J. Kappel1, J.S. Jaggi1, S.R. Schiffman1, C.
Antczak1, J.T. Njardarson, R. Brentjens1, D.A. Scheinberg,
Journal Nucl. Med. Année 2007
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) are mechanically robust graphene cylinders with a high aspect ratio that are comprised of sp(2)-bonded carbon atoms and possessing highly regular structures with defined periodicity. CNT exhibit unique mechanochemical properties that can be exploited for the development of novel drug delivery platforms. We hypothesized that novel prototype nanostructures consisting of biologics, radionuclides, fluorochromes, and CNT could be synthesized and designed to target tumor cells.
Indisponible
Drug Delivery with Carbon Nanotubes for In vivo Cancer Treatment
Article
Z. Liu, K. Chen, C. Davis, S. Sherlock, Q.Z. Cao, X.Y. Chen, H.J. Dai,
Cancer Research; Année 2008
Abstract
Chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have shown promise in tumor-targeted accumulation in mice and exhibit biocompatibility, excretion, and little toxicity. Here, we show in vivo SWNT drug delivery for tumor suppression in mice. We conjugate paclitaxel (PTX), a widely used cancer chemotherapy drug, to branched polyethylene glycol chains on SWNTs via a cleavable ester bond to obtain a water-soluble SWNT-PTX conjugate. SWNT-PTX affords higher efficacy in suppressing tumor growth than clinical Taxol in a murine 4T1 breast cancer model, owing to prolonged blood circulation and 10-fold higher tumor PTX uptake by SWNT delivery likely through enhanced permeability and retention. Drug molecules carried into the reticuloendothelial system are released from SWNTs and excreted via biliary pathway without causing obvious toxic effects to normal organs. Thus, nanotube drug delivery is promising for high treatment efficacy and minimum side effects for future cancer therapy with low drug doses.
Disponible sur le web : http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/68/16/6652.full.pdf+html
Targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using modified single wall carbon nanotubes.
Article
X.K. Zhang, L.J. Meng, Q.H. Lu, et al.,
Journal: Biomaterials
ISSN: 01429612 Année: 2009
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system that is triggered by changes in pH based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), derivatized with carboxylate groups and coated with a polysaccharide material, can be loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug binds at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and is only released at a lower pH, for example, lysosomal pH and the pH characteristic of certain tumor environments. By manipulating the surface potentials of the modified nanotubes through modification of the polysaccharide coating, both the loading efficiency and release rate of the associated DOX can be controlled. Folic acid (FA), a targeting agent for many tumors, can be additionally tethered to the SWCNTs to selectively deliver DOX into the lysosomes of HeLa cells with much higher efficiency than free DOX. The DOX released from the modified nanotubes has been shown to damage nuclear DNA and inhibit the cell proliferation.
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Magnetic lymphatic targeting drug delivery system using carbon nanotubes
Article
F. Yang, D.L. Fu, J. Long, et al.,
Journal: Medical Hypotheses
ISSN: 03069877 Année: 2008
.
Abstract
By controlling size, nanoparticles can be effectively taken up into lymphatics. On this basis, various nanoparticles have been investigated for transporters of chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals, but only a few were retained in the draining lymph node. Here, we present a technology using a magnetic carbon nanotubes (MNTs) delivery system, and it may be possible to facilitate the targeted delivery of drugs in the lymphatic tissue more effectively. Chemotherapeutic agents were incorporated into the pores of functionalized MNTs synthesized with a layer of magnetite nanoparticles on the inner surface of the nanotubes. To improve drug delivery to cancer cells in the lymph nodes, individualized MNTs were noncovalently functionalized by folic acid (FA). By using an externally placed magnet to guide the drug matrix to the regional targeted lymph nodes, the MNTs can be retained in the draining targeted lymph nodes for several days and continuously release chemotherapeutic drugs. Selective killing of tumor cells overexpressing the folate receptors (FRs) in the lymph nodes can be achieved, as FR is overexpressed across a broad spectrum of human tumors.
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Hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with magnetite nanoparticles as lymphatic targeted drug delivery vehicles.
Article
D. Yang, F. Yang, J.H. Hu, et al.,
Chem. Commun. Année 2009
Abstract
Hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with magnetite nanoparticles were readily taken up into lymph vessels and delivered gemcitabine to lymph nodes with high efficiency under the guidance of a magnetic field.
Indisponible
Preparation of biocompatible multi-walled carbon nanotubes as potential tracers for sentinel lymph nodes
Article
J.J. Li, F. Yang, G.Q. Guo, et al.,
Polymer International; Année 2010
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are capable of traversing cellular membranes by endocytosis and are therefore promising materials for use in imaging and drug delivery. Unfortunately, pristine CNTs are practically insoluble and tend to accumulate inside cells, organs and tissues. To overcome the poor dispersibility and toxicity of pristine CNTs, hydrophilic functionalization of CNTs has been intensively investigated. Water-soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylic acid in a poor solvent for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The solvent type influenced the grafted density and chain length of PAA. MWCNTs with a high grafted density of PAA (22 wt%) could be well dispersed in water, NaCl aqueous solution (0.9 wt%) and cell culture media. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these MWCNTs for endothelial cells is reasonably low even at high concentration of PAA-g-MWCNT (70 µg mL−1). The experimental results show that the biocompatibility of these MWCNTs is sufficient for biological applications. PAA-g-MWCNTs were successfully utilized for lymph node tracing. Experimental results suggest that PAA-g-MWCNTs have potential to be used as a vital staining dye, which may simplify the identification of lymph nodes during surgery.
Idisponible
Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction.
Article
Kam Nadine Wong Shi --- O'Connell Michael --- Wisdom Jeffrey A. --- Dai Hongjie
Physical Sciences Chemistry Année 2005
Abstract
Biological systems are known to be highly transparent to 700- to 1,100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. It is shown here that the strong optical absorbance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in this special spectral window, an intrinsic property of SWNTs, can be used for optical stimulation of nanotubes inside living cells to afford multifunctional nanotube biological transporters. For oligonucleotides transported inside living cells by nanotubes, the oligos can translocate into cell nucleus upon endosomal rupture triggered by NIR laser pulses. Continuous NIR radiation can cause cell death because of excessive local heating of SWNT in vitro. Selective cancer cell destruction can be achieved by functionalization of SWNT with a folate moiety, selective internalization of SWNTs inside cells labeled with folate receptor tumor markers, and NIR-triggered cell death, without harming receptor-free normal cells. Thus, the transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with suitable functionalization chemistry and their intrinsic optical properties can new lead to classes of novel nanomaterials for drug delivery and cancer therapy.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Applications des NTCs en thérapie photothermique
Photothermal effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the viability of BT-474 cancer cells
Article
Hung-Tao Chou, Tsung-Pao Wang, Chi-Young Lee, Nyan-Hwa Tai, Hwan-You Chang,
Journal: Materials Science & Engineering C
ISSN: 09284931 Année: 2013
Abstract
Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were conjugated to an antibody of BT-474 cancer cells (f-MWCNTs-ab), and the photothermal effect of the f-MWCNTs-ab for BT-474 cancer cell destruction was demonstrated. After near-infrared irradiation, the f-MWCNTs-ab were more capable of killing cancer cells and possessed higher cell specificity than f-MWCNTs. Quantitative results showed that the viability of the cancer cells was affected by the concentration of the f-MWCNTs-ab solution, irradiation time, and settling time after irradiation. The membrane impermeable fluorescence dye ethidium bromide was used to detect cell viability after near-infrared irradiation, and the results agreed with those obtained from the Alamar Blue cell viability assay. The EtBr fluorescence results suggest that the cell membrane, attached to f-MWCNTs-ab, was damaged after irradiation, which led to cell death and necrosis. Using confocal microscopy, a few f-MWCNTs-ab were detected in the cell, indicating the endocytosis effect. The results not only explain the improved efficiency of thermotherapy but also indicate that necrosis may result from protein denaturation attributing to the heated f-MWCNTs-ab in the cell.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Optimization of surface chemistry on single-walled carbon nanotubes for in vivo photothermal ablation of tumors
Article
Xiaowen Liu, Huiquan Tao, Kai Yang, Shuai Zhang, Shuit-Tong Lee, Zhuang Liu,
Journal: Biomaterials
ISSN: 01429612 Année: 2011
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have shown great potential in various areas of biomedicine. Herein, we synthesize a series of amphiphilic polymers by anchoring polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different lengths at various densities on poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMHC18). The blood circulation and biodistribution of those PEG-PMHC18-coated SWNTs in mice after intravenous injection are measured by an established Raman spectroscopy method. It is found that heavily PEGylated SWNTs with ultra-long blood circulation half-lives, although shows high uptake in the tumor, tend to accumulate in the skin dermis. A surface coating which affords SWNTs a blood half-life of 12e13 h appears to be optimal to balance the tumor-to-normal organ (T/N) uptake ratios of nanotubes in major organs. Using the selected SWNT conjugate, we then carry out a pilot in vivo photothermal therapy study and observe a promising cancer treatment efficacy. Our results highlight the importance of surface coating to the in vivo behaviors of nanomaterials in general and could provide guidelines to the future design of SWNT bioconjugates for various in vivo applications.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Antitumor immunologically modified carbon nanotubes for photothermal therapy
Article
Zhou, F. --- Wu, S. --- Song, S. --- Chen, W.R. --- Resasco, D.E. --- Xing, D.,
Journal: Biomaterials
ISSN: 01429612 Année: 2012
Abstract
An immunologically modified nanotube system was developed using an immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan (GC), as surfactant of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs). This SWNT-GC system not only retained both optical properties of SWNTs and immunological functions of GC, but also could enter cells due to the carrier properties of SWNTs. Cellular SWNTs induced thermal destruction of tumor cells when irradiated by a near-infrared laser and, at the same time, cellular GC could serve both as damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and pathogen associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) to enhance the tumor immunogenicity and enhance the uptake and presentation of tumor antigens, leading to special antitumor response. Using this system and a 980 nm laser, we treated tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the induced thermal and immunological effects. Laser þ SWNTGC afford a remarkable efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in animal cancer models, in many cases resulting in complete tumor regression and long-term survival. Mice successfully treated by Laser þ SWNT-GC could establish resistance to tumor rechallenge. This system forms a multifunctional temporal-spatial continuum, which can synergize photothermal and immunological effects. The Laser þ SWNT-GC could represent a promising treatment modality to induce systemic antitumor response through a local intervention, while minimizing the adverse side effects.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
In vivo near-infrared mediated tumor destruction by photothermal effect of carbon nanotubes.
Article
H.K. Moon, S.H. Lee, H.C. Choi,
ACS NANO 3 Année 2009
Abstract
The photothermal therapy using nanomaterials has been recently attracted as an efficient strategy for the next generation of cancer treatments. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is an upcoming potent candidate for the photothermal therapeutic agent since it generates significant amounts of heat upon excitation with near-infrared light (NIR, lambda = 700-1100 nm) which is transparent to biological systems including skins. Such a photothermal effect can be employed to induce thermal cell death in a noninvasive manner. Here, we demonstrate in vivo obliteration of solid malignant tumors by the combined treatments of SWNTs and NIR irradiation. The photothermally treated mice displayed complete destruction of the tumors without harmful side effects or recurrence of tumors over 6 months, while the tumors treated in other control groups were continuously grown until the death of the mice. Most of the injected SWNTs were almost completely excreted from mice bodies in about 2 months through biliary or urinary pathway. These results suggest that SWNTs may potentially serve as an effective photothermal agent and pave the way to future cancer therapeutics.
Indisponible
Long-term survival following a single treatment of kidney tumors with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and near-infrared radiation
Article
Jessica W. Fisher, Saugata Sarkar, Cara F. Buchanan, et al.
Journal Cancer Research Année 2010
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibit physical properties that render them ideal candidates for application as noninvasive mediators of photothermal cancer ablation. Here, we demonstrate that use of MWCNTs to generate heat in response to near-infrared radiation (NIR) results in thermal destruction of kidney cancer in vitro and in vivo. We document the thermal effects of the therapy through magnetic resonance temperature-mapping and heat shock protein-reactive immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that use of MWCNTs enables ablation of tumors with low laser powers (3 W/cm2) and very short treatment times (a single 30-sec treatment) with minimal local toxicity and no evident systemic toxicity. These treatment parameters resulted in complete ablation of tumors and a >3.5-month durable remission in 80% of mice treated with 100 μg of MWCNT. Use of MWCNTs with NIR may be effective in anticancer therapy.
Disponible sur le Web: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/70/23/9855.full.pdf+html
Application des NTCs en photochimiothérapie (dite thérapie photo-dynamique)
Nanomaterials formulations for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer
Article
Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu, Morihiko Hamada, Norio Murase, Vasudevanpillai Biju,
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C Photochemistry Reviews
Abstract
Nanomaterials with well-defined size, shape, composition, and surface functionalities offer multimodal and multifunctional platforms for various bioanalytical, bioimaging, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we focus on the different theranostic formulations of nanomaterials based on gold, silver, silica, semiconductor quantum dots, upconversion lanthanides, oxide magnets, polymers, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanohorns, and their applications in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Photosensitizer-loaded dendrimer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for photodynamic therapy
Article
Peng Huang, Jing Lin, Dapeng Yang, Chunlei Zhang, Zhiming Li, Daxiang Cui,
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release
ISSN: 01683659 Année: 2011
Abstract
Polyamidoamine dendrimer modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (dMNTs) have been explored as new vehicles to deliver the photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to tumor MGC-803 cells. Intense fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was monitored in the cytoplasm of MGC-803 cells. The nanocarriers possessed good biocompatibility and can significantly increase the accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor cells, leading to remarkable photodynamic anti-tumor effects.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Nanodrug applications in photodynamic therapy
Article
Edyta Paszko, Carsten Ehrhardt, Mathias O. Senge, Dermot P. Kelleher, John V. Reynolds,
Journal: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
ISSN: 15721000 Année: 2011
Abstract
Nanomaterials with well-defined size, shape, composition, and surface functionalities offer multimodal and multifunctional platforms for various bioanalytical, bioimaging, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we focus on the different theranostic formulations of nanomaterials based on gold, silver, silica, semiconductor quantum dots, upconversion lanthanides, oxide magnets, polymers, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanohorns, and their applications in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Photodynamic effects of chlorin e6 attached to single wall carbon nanotubes through noncovalent interactions
Article
Hairong Xiao, Bangshang Zhu, Dali Wang, Yan Pang, Lin He, Xiaofei Ma, Ruibin Wang, Chengyu Jin, Yan Chen, Xinyuan Zhu,
Journal: Carbon
ISSN: 00086223 Année: 2012
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a big heterocyclic aromatic molecule, is considered promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here an efficient nano-photosensitizer delivery system based on noncovalent interactions between Ce6 and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is proposed. By utilization of high surface area of SWCNTs, Ce6 was loaded on them with a high drug loading content by noncovalent p–p interactions. Then, the Ce6–SWCNT complexes were wrapped by chitosan to improve aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The chemical characteristics of Ce6–SWCNTs and chitosan–Ce6–SWCNTs were evaluated by different analysis methods, including transmission electron microscopy, UV–Visible absorption spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The high cellular uptake of chitosan–Ce6–SWCNTs was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. According to the WST-1 assay, the chitosan–Ce6–SWCNTs exhibited low dark toxicity and efficient PDT efficacy to HeLa cancer cells. These results indicate that chitosan–Ce6–SWCNTs are a potential photosensitizer delivery system for PDT.
Disponible à l’IMIST
Application des NTCs en thérapie génique
Chloroquine-enhanced gene delivery mediated by carbon nanotubes
Article
Vanesa Sanz, Carmen Tilmacîu, Brigitte Soula, Emmanuel Flahaut, Helen M. Coley, S. Ravi P. Silva, Johnjoe McFadden.
Journal: Carbon
ISSN: 00086223 Année: 2011
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine-coated double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were used for dual gene and drug delivery, after loading the DWCNTs with the drug chloroquine, a lysosomotropic compound that is able to promote escape from the lysosomal compartment. Different forms of functionalization of the DWCNTs were examined in order to optimize this system. They included the testing of different treatments on DWCNTs to optimize the loading and delivery of chloroquine and the selection of a cationic polymer for coating the DWCNTs for optimum DNA binding and delivery. An acid oxidation treatment of DWCNTs was selected for optimum chloroquine loading together with polyethyleneimine as optimum cationic coating agent for plasmid DNA binding. Optimization of the conditions for choroquine-enhanced gene delivery were developed using luciferase expression as a model system. We have demonstrated that chloroquine-loading increases the ability of polyethyleneimine-coated DWCNTs to deliver functional nucleic acid to human cells. Cell viability tests have shown no cytotoxicity of the functionalized DWCNTs at the concentrations needed for optimum gene delivery. These results support the potential applications of this methodology in gene therapy.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Improved GFP gene transfection mediated by polyamidoamine dendrimer-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high biocompatibility
Article
Weiling Qin, Keqin Yang, Hao Tang, Liang Tan, Qingji Xie, Ming Ma, Youyu Zhang, Shouzhuo Yao,
Journal: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
ISSN: 09277765 Année: 2011
Abstract
The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) hybrid was prepared by covalent linkage approach, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectrometry. ThePAMAMdendrimers were present on the surface of MWCNTs in high density, and the MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid exhibited good dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution. The interaction between MWCNT-PAMAM with plasmid DNA of enhanced green fluorescence protein (pEGFP-N1), intracellular trafficking of the hybrid, transfection performance and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells were evaluated in detail. We found that the MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid possessed good pEGFP-N1 immobilization ability and could efficiently delivery GFP gene into cultured HeLa cells. The surface modification of MWCNTs with PAMAM improved the transfection efficiency 2.4 and 0.9 times, and simultaneously decreased cytotoxicity by about 38%, as compared with mixed acid-treated MWCNTs and pure PAMAM dendrimers. The MWCNT-PAMAM hybrid can be considered as a new carrier for the delivery of biomolecules into mammalian cells. Therefore, this novel system may have good potential applications in biology and therapy, including gene delivery systems.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
SiRNA delivery with functionalized carbon nanotubes
Article
Amir Khashayar Varkouhi, Stéphanie Foillard, Twan Lammers, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Eric Doris, Wim E. Hennink, Gert Storm,
Journal: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
ISSN: 03785173 Année 2011
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied for drug, antigen and nucleic acid delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Due to their nano-needle structure, they are supposed to cross the plasma membrane and enter directly into the cytoplasm likely upon an endocytosis-independent mechanism without inducing cell death. In this study, two cationically functionalized CNTs (CNT-PEI and CNT-pyridinium) were investigated for siRNA delivery. Both functionalized CNTs complexed siRNA and showed 10–30% silencing activity and a cytotoxicity of 10–60%. However, in terms of reduced toxicity or increased silencing activity, CNT-PEI and CNT-pyridinium did not show an added value over PEI and other standard transfection systems. Probably, the type of functionalization of carbon nanotubes might be a key parameter to obtain an efficient and non-cytotoxic CNT-based delivery system. Nevertheless, in view of the present results and importantly also of the non-degradability of CNTs, preference should currently be given to designing biodegradable carriers which mimic the needle structure of CNTs.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes enables efficient intracellular delivery of siRNA targeting MDM2 to inhibit breast cancer cells growth
Article
Hailong Chen, Xingyuan Ma, Zhi Li, Qiaoyun Shi, Wenyun Zheng, Yang Liu, Ping Wang,
Journal: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
ISSN: 07533322 Année: 2012
Abstract
The delivery of DNA or RNA to cells represents the limiting step in the development of cancer gene therapy and RNA interference protocols. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are of interest as carriers of biologically active molecules because of their ability to cross cell membranes. In this study, we developed a novel strategy for chemical functionalization of SWNTs (f-SWCNTs) with DSPE-PEG-Amine to bind small interfering RNA (siRNA) by disulfide bonds applied to siRNA-mediated gene silencing in breast cancer cells. Results indicated the efficiency of f-SWNTs carrying siRNA reached 83.55%, and the new f-SWNTs-siRNA-MDM2 complexes were successfully introduced into the breast carcinoma B-Cap- 37 cells at a concentration of 100 nM in mediums, and caused proliferation inhibition of B-Cap-37 cells significantly. The proliferation inhibition ratio of B-Cap-37 cells was detected as 44.53% for 72 h, and the apoptosis ratio was measured as 30.45%. It was obvious that MDM2 can serve as a novel therapeutic target by an effective carrier system of DSPE-PEG-Amine-functionalized SWNTs, which would be very advanced and significant to therapy of breast cancer further.
Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST
Références générales
Safety of nanoparticles : from manufacturing to medical applications
Monographie
Auteur: Webster Thomas J.
Editeur : Springer
ISBN : 0387786074
Cote: 620.502 WEB
Disponible à L’IMIST
Carbon nanotubes
Monographie
Auteur: Endo, Morinobu.
Editeur : Pergamon
ISBN: 0080426824
Cote : 620.1 MOR
Disponible à L’IMIST
Nanomaterials an introduction to synthesis, properties and applications
Monographie
Auteur: Vollath Dieter
Editeur : Wiley VCH
ISBN : 3527315314
Cote : 620.5 22
Disponible à L’IMIST
Nanostructures and nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications
Monographie
Auteur : Cao Guozhong Z.
Editeur : Imperial College Press
ISBN : 1860944809
Cote : 620.5 CAO
Disponible à L’IMIST
Prostate cancer biology, genetics, and the new therapeutics
Monographie
Auteur : Chung Leland W. K.
Editeur : Springer
ISBN : 1588296962
Cote: 616.994 63 CHU
Disponible à L’IMIST
Nanotechnology in biology and medicine : methods, devices, and applications
Monographie
Auteur : Vo-Dinh, Tuan.
Editeur :CRC Press
ISBN : 0849329493
Cote : 610.28 VOD
Disponible à L’IMIST
Abeloff's clinical oncology
Monographie
Auteur : MD, James O. Armitage
Editeur : Churchill Livingstone
ISBN : 0443066949
Cote : 616.994 ABE
Disponible à L’IMIST
Fonds documentaire de la bibliothèque
Sciences Juridiques Economiques et de Gestion:
Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques:
Accès distant aux ressources électroniques
Documentation Spécial Covid-19
Agenda
| Lun | Mar | Mer | Jeu | Ven | Sam | Dim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ||
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