A.

A global, scope-based carbon footprint modeling for effective carbon reduction policies: Lessons from the Turkish manufacturing

A multivariable regression tool for embodied carbon footprint prediction in housing habitat

A structural decomposition analysis of global energy footprints

Allocation factors and issues in agricultural carbon footprint: a case study of the Canadian pork industry

Assessing the carbon footprint of beef cattle in Brazil: a case study with 22 farms in the State of Mato Grosso

B.

Bâtir en favorisant la biodiversité

Bilan Carbone : calcul des facteurs d’émissions et sources bibliographiques utilisées (version 3.0)

Bilan Carbone appliqué au bâtiment : guide méthodologique

Bilan carbone du secteur de l’audiovisuel en France

Biochar use for climate-change mitigation in rice cropping systems

F.

Food consumption and waste and the embedded carbon, water and ecological footprints of households in China

Food waste minimization from a life-cycle perspective

Forests, carbon cycle and climate change

Framework and methods to quantify carbon footprint based on an office environment in Singapore

Fresh food sustainable distribution: cost, delivery time and carbon footprint three-objective optimization

O.

On the systematic carbon integration of industrial parks for climate footprint reduction

C.

Cahier technique N°4 : les transports (Observation des consommations énergétiques et émissions de CO2 du secteur des transports au niveau régional)

Calculating tourism's carbon footprint: measuring the impact of investments

Carbon and nitrogen footprint of double rice production in Southern China

Carbon emissions of retail channels: the limits of available policy instruments to achieve absolute reductions

Carbon footprint and global value chains for Spanish agriculture: assessing the impact of a carbon border tax food miles

Carbon footprint in green public procurement: Policy evaluation from a case study in the food sector Carbon footprint of a pale lager packed in different formats: assessment and sensitivity analysis based on transparent data

Carbon footprint of a scientific publication: A case study at Dalian University of Technology, China

Carbon footprint of China's livestock system – a case study of farm survey in Sichuan province, China

Carbon footprint of heliciculture: A case study from an Italian experimental farm

Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis

Challenged by carbon : The oil industry and climate change

Charte nationale de l’environnement et du développement durable

Combien de CO2 pèsent un mail, une requête Web et une clé USB ?

Comment le fret mondial peut-il réduire son empreinte écologique ?

Comment réduire son empreinte écologique lorsque l’on commerce avec l’étranger ?

Comprendre la compensation carbone maîtriser les mécanismes, les appliquer à l'entreprise, en faire un usage personnel

Controlling climate change

G.

Gaz à effet de serre & changement climatique quantification et instruments de lutte contre les émissions

 H.

Household carbon emissions from driving and center city quality of life

I.

Information CO2 des prestations de transport : Application de l’article L 1431-3 du code des transport

Integrated spatial technology to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in grain production, Remote Sensing Applications

Investigating the inventory and characterization aspects of footprinting methods: lessons for the classification and integration of footprints

P.

Paradigm shift to enhanced water supply planning through augmented grids, scarcity pricing and adaptive factory water: A system dynamics approach

Précis d'écologie

Q.

Quantifier les ÉMISSIONS, Optimiser les PROCÉDÉS

Quel est l’impact environnemental d’Internet ?

R.

Regional household carbon footprint in China: a case of Liaoning province

Residential energy expenditures and the relevance of changes in household circumstances

D.

Direct and indirect human contributions to terrestrial carbon fluxes: a workshop summary

L.

L’empreinte écologique des bâtiments

L’empreinte écologique, un indicateur au service de changements de pratiques en restauration collective

La technologie au cœur du développement durable : mythe ou réalité ?

Le fret mondial et le changement climatique : perspectives et marges de progrès

Le point sur l’empreinte carbone de la consommation des français

L'effet de serre réalité, conséquences et solutions

Location of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from thermal power plants in India along the urban-rural continuum

Lowering carbon footprint of winter wheat by improving management practices in North China Plain

S.

Supply/value chain analysis of carbon and energy footprint of garment manufacturing in Sri Lanka

T.

Technique for quantification of embodied carbon footprint of construction projects using probabilistic emission factor estimators

The carbon implications of declining household scale economies

The empirical study on the optimal distribution route of minimum carbon footprint of the retail industry

The life cycle rebound effect of air-conditioner consumption in China

E.

Ecological Footprint: Refining the carbon Footprint calculation

E-commerce et environnement : Etude de l'impact environnemental de l'achat sur Internet et dans le commerce traditionnel

Electricity monitoring system with fuzzy multi-objective linear programming integrated in carbon footprint labeling system for manufacturing decision making

Empreinte carbone réelle pour réseau virtuel : Les technologies de l’information polluent plus que le transport aérien

Empreintes du gaspillage alimentaire

Enjeux des transports durables et l’aide à la décision au travers la méthode du « Bilan Carbone »

Environmental impacts and resource use of Australian beef and lamb exported to the USA determined using life cycle assessment

Environmental impacts, life cycle assessment and potential improvement measures for cement production: a literature review

Environnement : comment choisir son épargne

Evolution of the Brazilian residential carbon footprint based on direct energy consumption

Expertise et gouvernance du changement climatique

M.

Méthodologie de calcul des émissions de CO2 associées aux déplacements Ecocomparateur Voyages-SNCF.com (Version 3)

Methodology to calculate the carbon footprint of household land use in the urban planning stage Mode de vie et empreinte carbone

Modeling both direct and indirect environmental load of purchase decisions: a web-based tool addressing household metabolism

Modeling residential water and related energy, carbon footprint and costs in California

Willingness-to-pay for sustainability-labelled chocolate: an experimental auction approach

 Monographie

Auteur : Dajoz Roger

Editeur : DUNOD, 2006

ISBN: 2100496271

Cote : 577/DAJ

Résumé

Ce Précis d'Ecologie est la 8e édition d'un ouvrage constamment revu et mis à jour, devenu au fil des ans la référence en ce domaine. L'accent principal a été mis sur l'écologie fondamentale, tandis que l'écologie appliquée est illustrée par des exemples particulièrement représentatifs : la pollution atmosphérique, les conséquences du " changement global ", les pollutions par les engrais et les pesticides, ainsi que les conséquences des OGM pour l'environnement. Par ailleurs, l'écologie des espèces et des peuplements, les relations entre les plantes et les animaux, plus particulièrement plantes-insectes en insistant sur leur rôle dans le maintien de la biodiversité, ainsi que les nombreuses modalités du parasitisme, ont été développées. En raison de son importance en écologie, la génétique des populations a été traitée de façon détaillée. Enfin, une partie importante de l'ouvrage traite de la biodiversité dont l'étude est devenue un thème de recherche majeur en écologie. La bibliographie a été revue et mise à jour. Le cours est illustré par des encarts historiques et techniques. En fin de chapitre, des questions de réflexion sont proposées. Leurs solutions et un glossaire de plus de deux cents termes sont disponibles en ligne sur le site www.dunod.com. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants en 3e année de Licence ou en Master (écologie, sciences de l'environnement) et aux candidats au CAPES ou à l'agrégation de SV/ST. 

Monographie

Auteur : Bizec René-François

Editeur : AFNOR, 2006

ISBN: 2124630237

Cote : 363.738/BIZ

Résumé :

Les gaz à effet de serre sont considérés comme les principaux responsables du changement climatique. Les conséquences des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont multiples : élévation du niveau de la mer, déplacement des zones climatiques, modification des écosystèmes des forêts, raréfaction des cours d'eau, disparition progressive des glaciers... Cette modification rapide du climat mondial accentuerait son instabilité et se traduirait par une augmentation de la fréquence des catastrophes naturelles, cyclones, sécheresse, inondations, etc. L'urgence est donc aujourd'hui de réduire les émissions de ces gaz à effet de serre. La mesure précise et l'évaluation méthodique des émissions de GES et de leur captation sont, dans ce contexte, un passage obligé pour faire progresse la connaissance du réchauffement climatique et sa maîtrise. A cet effet, Gaz à effet de serre et changement climatique -Quantification et instruments de lutte contre les émissions : décrit dans sa première partie les méthodes et les normes de quantification mises au point récemment pour mieux dresse les inventaires des flux d'émissions de GES et pour les gérer au mieux en conséquence ; présente en détail, dans la deuxième partie, les outils et instruments que les états de la planète, ensemble, ont conçus pour lutter contre les changements climatiques.

Monographie

Auteur : Metz, Bert.

Éditeur: Cambridge University Press, 2010

ISBN : 0521747848 

Cote : 363.738 746 MET

Résumé :

An unbiased and comprehensive overview, based on the findings of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Using no jargon, it looks at tackling and adapting to man-made climate change, and works through the often confusing potential solutions. Bert Metz is the former co-chair of the IPCC, at the center of international climate change negotiations. His insider expertise provides a cutting edge assessment of issues at the top of the political agenda. He leads the reader succinctly through ambitious mitigation scenarios, in combination with adapting our future societies to different climate conditions and the potential costs of these measures. Illustrations and extensive boxed examples motivate students to engage with this essential global debate, and questions for each chapter are available online for course instructors. Minimal technical language also makes this book valuable to anyone with an interest in action to combat climate change.

Monographie

Auteur : Loustau, Denis

Editeur : Éd. Quae, 2010 

ISBN : 9782759203840

Cote : 577.3 LOU

Résumé :

Les résultats présentés dans ce livre résument les principales observations du projet CARBOFOR, qui a réuni 52 scientifiques de 14 unités de recherche afin d'étudier les effets futurs du climat sur le cycle du carbone, la productivité et la vulnérabilité des forêts françaises. Ce livre expose le cycle du carbone actuel dans les forêts des climats tempérés et méditerranéens, la dynamique du carbone dans le sol et le stock total de carbone dans les forêts françaises, d’après les inventaires forestiers. Il donne un aperçu et illustre les principales méthodes de terrain permettant d’évaluer les stocks de carbone au sein de la biomasse des arbres. Des variations spatiales dans un schéma de changement climatique en France métropolitaine au cours du 21ème siècle sont décrits. Le livre prend ensuite en considération l’effet du changement climatique sur la phénologie des arbres et l’équilibre en carbone, l’évapotranspiration et la production d’une forêt ainsi que leur interaction de premier niveau avec les alternatives en matière de gestion forestière. L’effet du changement climatique sur la vulnérabilité de la forêt est analysée. Une étude de simulation similaire a été effectuée pour certains champignons pathogènes, en mettant l’accent tant sur le réchauffement que sur les modifications de pluviométrie. Les conséquences du changement climatique sur l’apparition d’incendies et sur le cycle du carbone des forêts dans la zone méditerranéenne sont également prises en compte.

Monographie

Auteur : Lovell, Bryan

Editeur : Cambridge University Press, 2010

ISBN: 0521145597

Cote:  363.738 74 LOV 

Résumé:

Is there a low-carbon future for the oil industry? Faced with compelling new geological evidence, the petroleum industry can no longer ignore the consequences of climate change brought on by consumption of its products. Yet the global community will continue to burn fossil fuels as we manage the transition to a low-carbon economy. As a geologist, oil man, academic and erstwhile politician, Bryan Lovell is uniquely well placed to describe the tensions accompanying the gradual greening of the petroleum industry over the last decade. He describes how, given the right lead from government, the oil industry could be environmental saviors, not villains, playing a crucial role in stabilizing emissions through the capture and underground storage of carbon dioxide. Challenging prejudices of both the environmentalists and the oil industry, Lovell ultimately assigns responsibility to us as consumers and our elected governments, highlighting the need for decisive leadership and urgent action to establish an international framework of policy and regulation. Bryan Lovell comments in a US News & World Report article on Exxon's potential to 'go green' - click here Video from a performance of a folk song inspired by the book, written and performed by Mike Excell at the Woodman Pub, Ware, UK. (Recording courtesy of Tony Dawes.)

Monographie

Auteur: Bellassen, Valentin

Éditeur: Pearson education France, 2008

ISBN : 9782744063541

Cote : 363.738 746 BEL

Résumé :

Aujourd'hui, chacun peut compenser ses émissions de carbone sur Internet, en quelques clics. Mais que signifie au juste ce «compenser»? Quels sont les mécanismes de la compensation « de conformité », dans le cadre du protocole de Kyoto, ou « volontaire »? Comment y participer et à quels organismes faire appel lorsqu’on est une entreprise ou un particulier?

La compensation carbone s’inscrit au nombre des instruments à notre disposition pour lutter contre le réchauffement climatique, qui menace lourdement l’équilibre de notre planète. Celui-ci est dû à la présence croissante de gaz à effet de serre dans l’atmosphère, liée aux activités humaines (production d’énergie, industrie, transport terrestre et aérien, chauffage, agriculture). Quand il n’est pas possible de réduire nos émissions, nous pouvons les compenser en finançant des projets qui réduisent celle d’une autre entreprise ou collectivité.

Valentin Bellassen et Benoît Leguet, spécialistes des questions liées à l’action contre le changement climatique, apportent ici des réponses claires et concises à toutes les interrogations sur les mécanismes, la mise en application et l’efficacité de la compensation carbone. 

Article

Auteur: Mancini, Maria Serena et al.

Editeur: Elsevier

Revue: Ecological Indicators, Volume 61, February 2016

ISSN: 1470-160X

Résumé:

Within the Ecological Footprint methodology, the carbon Footprint component is defined as the regenerative forest capacity required to sequester the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions that is not absorbed by oceans. A key parameter of the carbon Footprint is the Average Forest Carbon Sequestration (AFCS), which is calculated from the net carbon sequestration capacity of forests ecosystems.

The aim of this paper is to increase the clarity and transparency of the Ecological Footprint by reviewing the rationale and methodology behind the carbon Footprint component, and updating a key factor in its calculation, the AFCS. Multiple calculation options have been set to capture different rates of carbon sequestration depending on the degree of human management of three types of forest considered (primary forests, other naturally regenerated forests and planted forests). Carbon emissions related to forest wildfires and soil as well as harvested wood product have been included for the first time in this update of the AFCS calculation. Overall, a AFCS value range of 0.73 ± 0.37 t C ha−1 yr−1 has been identified. The resulting carbon Footprint and Ecological Footprint values have then been evaluated based on this value range. Results confirm that human demand for ecosystem services is beyond the biosphere's natural capacity to provide them.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1470160X15005269/1-s2.0-S1470160X15005269-main.pdf?_tid=b318f396-e5e6-11e5-9310-00 000aab0f26&acdnat=1457521651_d90558c618b42ba5ece51959b227690a

Aricle

Auteur : Fang, Kai and Heijungs, Reinout

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 108, 1 December 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé :

Inventory and characterization schemes play different roles in shaping a variety of footprint indicators. This paper performs a systematic and critical investigation of the hidden inventory aspect and characterization aspect of selected footprints with implications for classification and integration of those footprints. It shows that all of the carbon, water, land and material footprints have two fundamentally distinct versions, addressing the environmental exchange of substances in terms of emissions and/or extractions either at the inventory level or at the impact assessment level. We therefore differentiate two broad categories of footprints, namely the inventory-oriented footprints and the impact-oriented footprints. The former allow for a physical interpretation of human pressure by inventorying emissions and extractions and aggregating them with value-based weighting factors, whereas the latter assess and aggregate the inventory results according to their potential contributions to a specific environmental impact using science-based characterization factors, with the recognition that these contributing substances are too different to be compared by mass, volume or area. While both categories have individual strengths and weaknesses, the impact-oriented footprints have a better performance than the inventory-oriented footprints on the integration of footprints into a single-score metric in support of policy making. Resembling the general procedure for life cycle impact assessment, we formulate a three-step framework for characterization, normalization and weighting of a set of impact-oriented footprints to yield a composite footprint index, which would allow policy makers to better assess the overall environmental impacts of entities at multiple scales ranging from single products, organizations, nations, even to the whole economy. The main value added of this paper is the establishment of a unified framework for structuring, categorizing and integrating different footprints. It may serve as a starting point for clearing the footprint jungle and for facilitating the ongoing discourse on a truly integrated footprint family.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615008197/1-s2.0-S0959652615008197-main.pdf?_tid=255c781a-e5e7-11e5-8692-0 0000aacb35d&acdnat=1457521843_14ab05b66897b1db8a6c55edee7c3300

Article

Auteur : Song,Guobao et al.

Revue: Ecological Indicators, Volume 60, January 2016

ISSN : 1470-160X

Résumé:

Knowledge of the carbon footprint (CF) of a scientific publication can help to guide changes in behavior for mitigating global warming. A knowledge gap, however, still exists in academic circles. We quantified the CF of a publication by parameterizing searches, downloads, reading, and writing in the processes of publication with both direct and indirect emissions covered. We proposed a time-loaded conversion coefficient to transfer indirect emissions to final consumers. A questionnaire survey, certification database of Energy Star, fixed-asset databases specific to our campus, and reviewed life-cycle-assessment studies on both print media and electronic products were integrated with Monte Carlo simulations to quantify uncertainties. The average CF [(CI: 95%), SD] of a scientific publication was 5.44 kg CO2-equiv. [(1.65, 14.78), 4.97], with 37.65 MJ [(0.00, 71.32), 30.40] of energy consumed. Reading the literature contributed the most, followed by writing and searching. A sensitivity analysis indicated that reading efficiency, the proportion of e-reading, and reference quantity were the most dominant of 52 parameters. Durable media generated a higher CF (4.24 kg CO2-equiv.) than consumable media (1.35 kg CO2-equiv.) due to both direct and indirect reasons. Campus policy makers should thus not promote the substitution of e-reading for print reading at the present stage, because their environmental advantages are highly dependent on time-loaded and behavioral factors. By comparison, replacing desktops with laptops is more attractive, by potentially reducing CFs by 50% and the disproportionate consumption of energy.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1470160X15003787/1-s2.0-S1470160X15003787-main.pdf?_tid=4a3ac7e0-e5e7-11e5-9dbe-0 0000aab0f26&acdnat=1457521905_d64678506787d371e71d650154049e48

Brochure

Editeur : Veolia Eau Solutions & Technologies, France.

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.veoliawaterst.be/vwst/ressources/files/1/1948,16439,Brochure_CarbonFR_OK.pdf

Brochure

Editeur : Secretariat d'Etat chargé de l'Eau et de I'Environnement 

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.environnement.gov.ma/PDFs/CNE_charte_VF.pdf

Monographie

Auteur : Ducroux René  

Editeur: CNRS éd., 2004

ISBN: 2271062683

Cote : 363.738 DUC

Résumé :

L'effet de serre pose l'un des problèmes majeurs de notre XXe siècle. Les conséquences climatiques commencent à se faire sentir (sécheresses, inondations, extrêmes climatiques comme la vague de chaleur de l'été 2003 en Europe) et inquiètent non seulement les experts du climat mais également la plupart des décideurs politiques, convaincus de la nécessité de prendre des mesures correctives. Mais qu'est-ce que l'effet de serre ? Les prévisions concernant l'évolution du climat sont-elles fiables ? Que nous enseigne l'étude des climats du passé ? D'où proviennent les gaz à effet de serre ? Quelles seront les conséquences du changement climatique dans le monde mais également en France ? Pouvons-nous infléchir la tendance actuelle ? Quelles sont les différentes solutions technologiques et les grands axes de recherche pour lutter contre l'effet de serre ? Quel en sera le coût ? Les gouvernements ont commencé à prendre conscience du problème. Ainsi, en janvier 2000, la France a défini un programme de lutte contre le changement climatique. Qu'en est-il aujourd'hui ? A la suite au Sommet de la Terre de Rio en 1992, les Nations unies ont créé une Convention cadre sur le changement climatique, qui a abouti au fameux Protocole de Kyoto. Après le retrait des Etats-Unis, où en sommes-nous dans l'application de ce protocole ? Les objectifs de limitation des gaz à effet de serre seront-ils atteints ? Autant de questions auxquelles ce livre tente de répondre en considérant la problématique de l'effet de serre dans son ensemble. Il participe ainsi à la nécessaire prise de conscience du rôle des activités humaines sur le climat et ouvre les pistes à explorer pour que l'effet de serre puisse être un jour stabilisé.

Monographie

Auteur: Encinas de Munagorri, Rafael 

Editeur: LGDJ-Lextenso ed., 2009

ISBN: 9782275033570

Cote: 363.737 MUN

Résumé:

Le changement climatique est devenu en quelques années un problème éminent dont le traitement exige l'instauration d'une gouvernance mondiale. Pour autant, la part des activités humaines dans le phénomène de réchauffement global et les actions susceptibles de diminuer l'émission de gaz à effet de serre suscitent des conflits qui sont à la fois scientifiques, politiques et juridiques. Constater la prise en compte du changement climatique au sein des institutions internationales suscite de multiples questions. Par quels processus une vérité est-elle instituée au niveau mondial ? Les experts sont-ils libres ou contraints par des règles de procédure ? Comment réguler le marché mondialisé du carbone ? L'exigence de gouvernance prévue dans des dispositifs internationaux n'est-elle pas démentie par les pratiques de prise de décision ? Comment expliquer l'omniprésence des experts dans les mécanismes d'observance des traités sur le changement climatique ? N'exercent-ils pas une influence déterminante, au niveau international et interne, dans l'élaboration d'un droit du climat?

Envisagées par des chercheurs en droit et en science politique, ces interrogations sont indissociables d'enjeux de méthode dont l'horizon est interdisciplinaire. Fruit d'une recherche collective, le présent ouvrage ne se réduit pas à une description des normes en vigueur et des pratiques des acteurs. Il a l'ambition d'appréhender le droit, la science et la politique dans ses interactions. Par sa richesse, le changement climatique fournit un exemple propice pour réfléchir sur les liens entre les différentes disciplines scientifiques. Le livre se clôt par une conclusion prospective sur les apports de l'analyse juridique à l'expertise, qui se déploient aussi bien sur les plans dogmatiques, réalistes et épistémologiques. L'ouvrage entend ainsi inscrire la réflexion juridique parmi les sciences sociales. 

Article

Auteur: HERTWICH, Edgar G., and PETERS, Glen, P.

Editeur: American Chemical Society.

Revue: Environmental Science and Technology / VOL. 43, NO. 16, 2009

ISSN Web: 1520-5851

Résumé:

Processes causing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions benefit humans by providing consumer goods and services. This benefit, and hence the responsibility for emissions, varies by purpose or consumption category and is unevenly distributed across and within countries. We quantify greenhouse gas emissions associated with the final consumption of goods and services for 73 nations and 14 aggregate world regions. We analyze the contribution of 8 categories: construction, shelter, food, clothing, mobility, manufactured products, services, and trade. National average per capita footprints vary from 1 tCO2e/y in African countries to∼30t/y in Luxembourg and the United States. The expenditure elasticity is 0.57. The cross-national expenditure elasticity for just CO2, 0.81, corresponds remarkably well to the cross-sectional elasticities found within nations, suggesting a global relationship between expenditure and emissions that holds across several orders of magnitude difference. On the global level, 72% of greenhouse gas emissions are related to household consumption, 10% to government consumption, and 18%to investments. Food accountsfor 20% ofGHG emissions, operation and maintenance of residences is 19%, and mobility is 17%. Food and services are more important in developing countries, while mobility and manufactured goods rise fast with income and dominate in rich countries. The importance of public services and manufactured goods has not yet been sufficiently appreciated in policy. Policy priorities hence depend on development status and country-level characteristics.

Article

Auteur: Sethi, Mahendra

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 103, 2015.

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Greenhouse gases are the prime cause of climate change, to which India is a significant party. Globally the issue of sub-national or local emissions is increasingly gaining relevance, particularly post-2009, when greater-half of the world has become urbanized for the first time in the human history. International Energy Agency, in its World Energy Outlook report estimates that 70% of the greenhouse gases are produced within the cities. But, there is limited empirical evidence to substantiate such claims in the Indian context. It being a developing country with a large rural population base, the carbon footprint of cities goes unnoticed. On the other hand, unreeling economic growth and rapid urbanization during the last two decades, coupled with limited data in the subject pressingly seeks a systematic determination of urban emission baseline. This research analyzes historic trends of urbanization, thermal power generation and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and evaluates their growth trajectories for the imminent future. This paper is also a first time investigation of urban India's (covering over 7000 Indian towns and cities) contribution of GHG emissions. In absence of any international protocol or a standard methodology to estimate urban GHG burdens of a nation, this paper deals with theoretical issues evident while allocating city emissions like methodological differences, defining ‘urban’ and its boundary and the need to consider downscaling of nationally reported emissions using spatial analysis based on production or location perspective of the most significantly contributing sector namely, energy. Dataset of 454 thermal units reported by Central Electricity Authority for 2011–12 from over hundred coal, diesel, gas and liquid fuel based gas turbine plants has been assessed. The individual plants are verified for their name, capacity, generation and local address from their respective state generation corporations or electricity boards, as applicable. They are then spatially located real time, using universally available (and verifiable) web-based mapping tool of Google Earth and Wikimapia. The information has been assessed on the urban-rural gradient, using population based Census definition for class/hierarchy of towns and their location with respect to the urban boundary. The thermal power plants have eventually been classified within the urban area, on the periphery, transitional or rurban and absolutely rural. The results present an array of emissions, across the urban hierarchy and location in space, underpinning how substantial GHG emissions are attributable to urban and urbanizing areas. The research puts forth, with strong evidence, that in contrast to the general postulation, urban settlements radically contribute to national carbon footprint, which is further bound to increase with urbanization. The findings bear significance to influence research, policy and action in energy and urban sectors and greater cross-sector integration for co-benefits in climate change mitigation at the local city level.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S095965261401110X/1-s2.0-S095965261401110X-main.pdf?_tid=cc7ce9a4-e5e7-11e5-8630-0 0000aacb35d&acdnat=1457522123_ee0eb529b62e657aef38dd60d9586bc5

Article

Auteur: Lan,Jun, et al.

Revue: Applied Energy, Volume 163, 1 February 2016

ISSN: 0306-2619

Résumé:

Understanding the drivers of past and present energy consumption trends is important for a range of stakeholders, including governments, businesses and international development organizations, in order to prepare for impacts on global supply chains caused by changes in future energy price or availability shocks. In this paper we use environmentally-extended input–output tables to: (a) quantify the long-term drivers that have led to diversified energy footprint profiles of 186 countries around the world from 1990 to 2010; (b) identify which countries and sectors recorded an increase or decrease in energy footprints during this time period; (c) highlight the effect of international outsourcing of energy-intensive production processes by decomposing the structural and spatial change in energy footprints; and (d) discuss the implications for national economic policy for the identified drivers. To this end, we use a detailed Multi-Regional Input–Output database and three prevalent structural decomposition analysis methods. To reduce biases in the results due to time lapse and currency variations, we convert input–output tables to common US$ and 1990-constant prices. This study provides a broad overview of the magnitude and distribution of the drivers for energy footprints across countries. The results of this study demonstrate that for almost all countries affluence and population growth are driving energy footprints worldwide, which is in part counteracted by the retarding effect of industrial energy intensity. In particular, this study demonstrates that with increasing per-capita GDP, the total energy footprint of a country is increasingly concentrated on imports or consumption.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S095965261401110X/1-s2.0-S095965261401110X-main.pdf?_tid=cc7ce9a4-e5e7-11e5-8630-0 0000aacb35d&acdnat=1457522123_ee0eb529b62e657aef38dd60d9586bc5

Rapport

Editeur : ADEME, Mission interministérielle de l’effet de serre, France, 2010

Résumé :

Le présent document détaille le calcul et/ou les sources retenues pour l’ensemble des facteurs d’émission contenus dans les tableaux associés à la méthode Bilan Carbone. Il est indissociable de l’ensemble des documents liés à la méthode Bilan Carbone. Cette méthode a été élaborée pour ADEME par Jean-Marc Jancovici du bureau d’études Manicore.

Monographie

Auteur: Coppock , Rob and Johnson, Stephanie

Editeur: National Academies Press, 2004

ISBN: 0309092264

Cote: 363.738 JOH

Résumé:

Human-induced climate change is an important environmental issue worldwide, as scientific studies increasingly demonstrate that human activities are changing the Earth's climate. Even if dramatic reductions in emissions were made today, some human-induced changes are likely to persist beyond the 21st century. The Kyoto Protocol calls for emissions reporting that separates out management-induced changes in greenhouse gases from those changes caused by indirect human effects (e.g., carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, or precipitation changes), natural effects, and past practices on forested agricultural lands. This book summarizes a September 2003 workshop where leaders from academia, government and industry came together to discuss the current state of scientific understanding on quantifying direct human-induced change in terrestrial carbon stocks and related changes in greenhouse gas emissions and distinguishing these changes from those caused by indirect and natural effects.

Article

Auteur: Frostell, Björn M. Rajib et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 71, September 2015

ISSN: 1364-8152

Résumé:

Consumer awareness is continuously increasing towards pro-environmental behavior. Thus, we developed a web-based environmental feedback tool EcoRunner, which is designed for Swedish households aiming at increasing the awareness in a more pro-environmental direction. The conceptual model of EcoRunner has been developed based on top-down and bottom-up approaches connecting economic activities within a household to environmental pressures (both direct and indirect). In addition, the development of the tool includes a multi-level model aiming at better tailor-made advice to consumers. In this paper, we examine the EcoRunner tool with average single Swedish household expenditures as well as explore options for reductions and systems effects. Analysis shows that food and non-alcoholic beverages, fuel for personal transport (e.g. car) and air transports have significant environmental pressures. In addition, this study suggests that EcoRunner could be used in education systems as an environmental feedback tool to enlighten consumers motivation and change consumption patterns.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364815215001619/1-s2.0-S1364815215001619-main.pdf?_tid=426abfec-e5e8-11e5-b252-0 0000aab0f27&acdnat=1457522321_f6bdda5068e414b0fedb9bb4e522a5c0

Article

Auteur: Zubelzu,Sergio

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Land Use Policy, Volume 48, November 2015

ISSN : 0264-8377

Résumé :

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264837715001726/1-s2.0-S0264837715001726-main.pdf?_tid=73748172-e5e8-11e5-bb41-0 0000aacb360&acdnat=1457522403_68ca44b4a1792ce445a83d13cb5b71c8

Brochure

Auteur : Commissariat général de développement durable, 2012

Résumé

L’empreinte carbone calculée par le service statistique du ministère en charge du Développement durable représente la quantité de gaz à effet de serre (GES) émise pour satisfaire la consommation française, y compris les émissions liées aux importations. En 2007, l’empreinte carbone par Français était de l’ordre de 12 tonnes équivalent CO2 par an, contre 8 tonnes pour les GES émis sur le territoire métropolitain. De 1990 à 2007, l’empreinte carbone par personne a augmenté de 5 %, alors que le niveau moyen par personne des émissions sur le territoire diminuait de 15 %. Au cours de cette période, les émissions associées aux importations se sont accrues de 64 % pour atteindre après de la moitié de l’empreinte carbone de la consommation en France en 2007

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/LPS114.pdf

Numéro de Revue

Editeur : IDDRI Sciences Po

Revue : Cahier du club d’ingénierie prospective énergie et environnement, Numéro 21, 2012

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.iddri.org/Publications/Les-cahiers-du-CLIP/Clip21_modes%20de%20vie%20prospective%202050.pdf

Guide

Editeur : Association « les amis de la terre »

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.epargneclimat.com/documents/GUIDEEPARGNE.pdf

Article

Auteur : Vecchio,Riccardo and Annunziata,Azzurra

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 86, 1 January 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

This study evaluates young consumers' attitudes to sustainable food and analyzes the determinants of their willingness to pay (WTP) for chocolate bars with different sustainability labels. Data were collected through experimental auctions in Italy assessing respondents' (N = 80, aged between 18 and 35) WTP for chocolate bars with three selected labels (i.e. Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance and Carbon Footprint). Econometric outcomes reveal that several socio-demographic factors exert a positive and statistically significant effect on WTP for all the selected chocolate bars, namely age cohort (older), gender (female) and household income (high). Respondents' lifestyles and food consumption habits also had an effect on final bids. This study offers valuable insights to policy makers and practitioners for efficiently targeting young consumers in campaigns to increase sustainability-labelled food consumption.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652614008282/1-s2.0-S0959652614008282-main.pdf?_tid=bc45c8b6-e5e8-11e5-9da8-0 0000aab0f02&acdnat=1457522525_b3b0e6b4f33a34c26f01392c5966c49e

Article

Auteur: Song,Guobao et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 529, 1 October 2015

ISSN : 0048-9697

Résumé:

Strategies for reducing food waste and developing sustainable diets require information about the impacts of consumption behavior and waste generation on climatic, water, and land resources. We quantified the carbon, water, and ecological footprints of 17,110 family members of Chinese households, covering 1935 types of foods, by combining survey data with available life-cycle assessment data sets. We also summarized the patterns of both food consumption and waste generation and analyzed the factors influencing the observed trends. The average person wasted (consumed) 16 (415) kg of food at home annually, equivalent to 40 (1080) kg CO2e, 18 (673) m3, and 173 (4956) gm2 for the carbon, water and ecological footprints, respectively. The generation of food waste was highly correlated with consumption for various food groups. For example, vegetables, rice, and wheat were consumed the most and accounted for the most waste. In addition to the three plant-derived food groups, pork and aquatic products also contributed greatly to embedded footprints. The data obtained in this study could be used for assessing national food security or the carrying capacity of resources.

 Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0048969715301273/1-s2.0-S0048969715301273-main.pdf?_tid=1c44bfce-e5e9-11e5-9d68-00 000aacb35e&acdnat=1457522687_9f423a31d297eae6715b0cb2f73a212b

Article

Auteur: Bernstad Saraiva, Schott A. and Andersson,T.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 147, 1 January 2015

ISSN : 0301-4797

Résumé:

This article investigates potentials and environmental impacts related to household food waste minimization, based on a case study in Southern Sweden. In the study, the amount of avoidable and unavoidable food waste currently being disposed of by households was assessed through waste composition analyses and the different types of avoidable food waste were classified. Currently, both avoidable and unavoidable food waste is either incinerated or treated through anaerobic digestion. A hypothetical scenario with no generation of avoidable food waste and either anaerobic digestion or incineration of unavoidable food waste was compared to the current situation using the life-cycle assessment method, limited to analysis of global warming potential (GWP). The results from the waste composition analyses indicate that an average of 35% of household food waste is avoidable. Minimization of this waste could result in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 800–1400 kg/tonne of avoidable food waste. Thus, a minimization strategy would result in increased avoidance of GWP compared to the current situation. The study clearly shows that although modern alternatives for food waste treatment can result in avoidance of GWP through nutrient and energy recovery, food waste prevention yields far greater benefits for GWP compared to both incineration and anaerobic digestion.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0301479714004289/1-s2.0-S0301479714004289-main.pdf?_tid=b03fb396-e5e9-11e5-9dbe-0 0000aab0f26&acdnat=1457522935_04e1515c6446d81548d7fa8779609f19

Article

Auteur: Sahin, O. et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 75, January 2016

ISSN : 1364-8152

Résumé:

This paper details a system dynamics model developed to simulate proposed changes to water governance through the integration of supply, demand and asset management processes. To effectively accomplish this, interconnected feedback loops in tariff structures, demand levels and financing capacity are included in the model design, representing the first comprehensive life-cycle modelling of potable water systems. A number of scenarios were applied to Australia's populated South-east Queensland region, demonstrating that introducing temporary drought pricing (i.e. progressive water prices set inverse with availability), in conjunction with supply augmentation through rain-independent sources, is capable of efficiently providing water security in the future. Modelling demonstrated that this alternative tariff structure reduced demand in scarcity periods thereby preserving supply, whilst revenues are maintained to build new water supply infrastructure. In addition to exploring alternative tariffs, the potential benefits of using adaptive pressure-retarded osmosis desalination plants for both potable water and power generation was explored. This operation of these plants for power production, when they would otherwise be idle, shows promise in reducing their net energy and carbon footprints. Stakeholders in industry, government and academia were engaged in model development and validation. The constructed model displays how water resource systems can be reorganised to cope with systemic change and uncertainty.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364815214001571/1-s2.0-S1364815214001571-main.pdf?_tid=d4a44cba-e5e9-11e5-9986-0 0000aacb361&acdnat=1457522996_3b404df57a48a37f1fc7fdad9f43d6d0

Article

Auteur : Coindoz, Abel ; Egreteau, M. et Warnery, C.

Editeur : AgroCampus Ouest, 2010

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.delaterrealassiette.fr/medias/restauration_collective/REPAS-RC-juin2010-Bretagne.pdf

Brochure

Editeur : FAO, 2013

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.fao.org/3/a-ar428f.pdf

Article

Auteur: Longhi,Simonetta

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Energy Economics, Volume 49, May 2015

ISSN : 0140-9883

Résumé:

This paper analyses the impact that dwelling characteristics and characteristics and behaviours of household members have on per capita energy expenditures. It also analyses whether changes in household socio-economic circumstances translate in changes in energy expenditures. Socio-economic characteristics have a moderate impact, while dwelling characteristics and especially household size have much larger impacts. The largest changes in energy expenditures are due to changes in household size.

The recent socio-demographic trends will make it harder to design policies to effectively reduce the carbon footprint of a country, while policies influencing cohabitation and family size may have positive indirect effects.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0140988315001103/1-s2.0-S0140988315001103-main.pdf?_tid=08886f34-e5ea-11e5-a0a7-0 0000aacb35e&acdnat=1457523083_feb4a68a48f4d3ecf449642cb8b2a341

Article

Auteur: Escriva-Bou, Alvar et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Environmental Science & Policy, Volume 50, June 2015

ISSN : 1462-9011

Résumé:

Starting from single-family household water end-use data, this study develops an end-use model for water-use and related energy and carbon footprint using probability distributions for parameters affecting water consumption in 10 local water utilities in California. Monte Carlo simulations are used to develop a large representative sample of households to describe variability in use, with water bills for each house for different utility rate structures.

The water-related energy consumption for each household realization was obtained using an energy model based on the different water end-uses, assuming probability distributions for hot-water-use for each appliance and water heater characteristics. Spatial variability is incorporated to account for average air and household water inlet temperatures and price structures for each utility. Water-related energy costs are calculated using averaged energy price for each location. CO2 emissions were derived from energy use using emission factors.

Overall simulation runs assess the impact of several common conservation strategies on household water and energy use. Results show that single-family water-related CO2 emissions are 2% of overall per capita emissions, and that managing water and energy jointly can significantly reduce state greenhouse gas emissions.

 Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1462901115000544/1-s2.0-S1462901115000544-main.pdf?_tid=2653d418-e5ea-11e5-97fd-0 0000aab0f02&acdnat=1457523133_83579bc4ed3fcc62d6ea2bc41cfef372

Article

Auteur: Underwood, Anthony and Zahran, Sammy

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Ecological Economics, Volume 116, August 2015

ISSN : 0921-8009

Résumé:

In the United States, average household size decreased significantly over the past half century. From 1950 to 2010, the number of households increased 72% faster than population size. In this paper we consider how this drift toward more and smaller households, occurring alongside rising affluence, undermines efforts to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by eroding household scale economies of consumption and associated CO2 emissions. To estimate the household scaling of CO2 emissions, we link consumer expenditure data to an economic input–output life-cycle assessment model. We find that the CO2 scaling benefits of cohabitation are compellingly large, with the carbon footprint of a representative person cohabiting with others being 23% less, on average, than if that same person lived alone. Additionally, we find that household scale economies: 1) decrease in income, reflecting the rise in the percentage of household expenditures devoted to more rival goods and services; and 2) increase intuitively in household size, reflecting the direct expenditure sharing benefits of cohabitation. The combined downward pressure on scale economies from declining household size and rising incomes, typifying the trajectory of developing societies toward more and smaller households and rising affluence, places significant upward pressure on CO2 emissions globally.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S092180091500213X/1-s2.0-S092180091500213X-main.pdf?_tid=432c1942-e5ea-11e5-be26-0 0000aacb35f&acdnat=1457523181_cdf19c291c18276acb6bd014ec03c997

Article

Auteur: Sanches-Pereira, Alessandro et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 54, February 2016

ISSN :1364-0321

Résumé:

As one of the leading nations on climate negotiations, Brazil has to go beyond its voluntary commitment to reduce its carbon footprint and become a more constructive and less low-key player in the UNFCCC negotiations. In this context, the study׳s main objective was to evaluate the Brazilian residential energy consumption, its regional specificity, and the related carbon emissions. The results show that the poor coming out of poverty affects the size of the increase in energy demand. Especially in the case of carbon emission from direct energy consumption for cooking, in which as the poor come out of poverty their demand for high efficiency energy carriers increases leading to lower emissions or vice versa. Also, the results show that the country must ratifies its commitments to the global efforts to combat climate change not only by elaborating but also by conducting more ambitious initiatives to reduce carbon emissions from its own territory.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032115009946/1-s2.0-S1364032115009946-main.pdf?_tid=690c5e56-e5ea-11e5-bb72-0 0000aacb362&acdnat=1457523245_3aec5fba5d5dc22e886ba88837a81f2a

Article

Auteur: Liu, Jingru et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Applied Energy, January 2016

ISSN : 0306-2619

Résumé:

Governments worldwide are attempting to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution by confronting environmental problems and adopting more energy-efficient products. However, because of the rebound effect, energy-saving targets cannot always be fully achieved, and sometimes greater energy consumption is generated. Research on the rebound effect from the perspective of industrial ecology considers not only direct energy consumption but also its life cycle negative impacts on the environment with China’s rapid economic development and simultaneously improving quality of life, the ownership of room air conditioners (RACs) has increased more than three hundred times, and air conditioners’ energy consumption has increased one thousand times over the last twenty years. The Air Conditioner Energy Efficiency Standard is one of the most important measures in China for reducing the amount of energy consumed by RACs. This paper introduces a life cycle based method to estimate the rebound effect of Chinese RACs consumption. This model provides a product’s life-cycle view to assess the rebound effect, considering the contribution of both producer and consumer. Based on the established life cycle rebound effect model, we compared urban household RAC consumption behaviour before and after the launch of the Air Conditioner Energy Efficiency Standard. A rebound effect in RAC consumption was found that there was a longer daily usage period in the household as air conditioner efficiency levels improved. The life cycle rebound effect of household air-conditioner consumption was calculated to be 67%. The main conclusion obtained from this study is that policies and regulations should consider the rebound effect when encouraging households to alter their energy consumption patterns.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0306261915015500/1-s2.0-S0306261915015500-main.pdf?_tid=9bbba406-e5ea-11e5-80ec-0 0000aacb35d&acdnat=1457523330_90888c17e6af01009ffe596c223436ec

Article

Auteur: Tian,Xu et al.

Editeur: Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 114, 15 February 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

With the rapid development, household energy consumption has become major driving force inducing higher energy consumption and corresponding carbon emissions. As the largest developing country, China's household energy consumption has grown quickly over the last two decades due to improved living standards and rapid urbanization. Thus, it is necessary to study household carbon footprint and identity the key driving forces so that appropriate mitigation policies can be raised. Under such a circumstance, this paper aims to uncover household carbon footprints in Liaoning province so that household carbon footprint characteristics and driving forces for the years of 1997, 2002 and 2007 can be quantified. Our results show that urban households have higher carbon footprints than their rural counterparts and indirect carbon footprints are higher than direct carbon footprints. Also, population size and per capita consumption are the main factors to contribute the increase of household carbon footprints, while carbon intensity had negative effect on the increase of household carbon footprints. Finally, we provide our policy recommendations in order to help local decision makers prepare their low carbon development strategies. The research outcomes from this study can also facilitate decision-makers in other provinces to mitigate the overall carbon emissions from their household sector by considering their local situations.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615006745/1-s2.0-S0959652615006745-main.pdf?_tid=cbcd6f3a-e5ea-11e5-8720-00 000aab0f27&acdnat=1457523410_7c16d11dccf23e2a201d73e8c01915ac

Article

Auteur: Safdar Gardezi,Syed Shujaa

Revue : Habitat International, Volume 53, April 2016,

ISSN: 0197-3975

Résumé:

Article

Auteur: Yeo,Zhiquan ; Ng,Ruisheng and Song,Bin

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, February 2016

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Buildings consume a significant proportion of the world’s resources, mostly in the form of materials usage. In addition, with the ongoing efforts focusing on reducing the operational energy consumption of buildings, the embodied emissions of buildings are expected to increase in proportion in the future. With the increasing focus placed on the embodied emissions of buildings, organizations in the construction industry will face requirements to report information regarding the embodied emissions of buildings. However, in order to obtain the embodied emission of buildings, tremendous efforts have to be placed as the process is data intensive. In order to overcome this challenge, a streamlined technique is proposed to minimize the efforts required by practitioner to obtain the embodied carbon footprint. The proposed technique comprises a probabilistic model of emission factor estimators used to estimate the required embodied emissions. Based on the four projects presented as case study for the proposed technique, the practitioner would be required to manually match the appropriate emission factors to the activity data for between 12-21% of the data points. This is in contrast to the current traditional technique, which requires the manual matching of 100% of data points. The resultant deviation of the computed embodied carbon footprint from the proposed technique and the current technique was between -0.25% and +3.65%.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652616001256/1-s2.0-S0959652616001256-main.pdf?_tid=4874bba6-e5eb-11e5-a340-0 0000aacb360&acdnat=1457523620_e460ec60b6a291ac0af41324987a08d2

Guide

Editeur : ADEME , 2011

Disponible sur ce lien :

Rapport

Editeur : Confédération construction, Bélgique, 2007

Disponible sur ce lien :

Présentation Powerpoint

Auteur : Lux, Stéphanie et Barra, Marc

Editeur : NatureParIf, 2015

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.gisclimat.fr/sites/default/files/SLux_MBarra.pdf

Article

Auteur: Holian, Matthew J. and Kahn, Matthew E.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Ecological Economics, Volume 116, August 2015

ISSN : 0921-8009

Résumé:

In metropolitan areas with a vibrant center city, residents are more likely to live downtown, spend more time downtown and use public transit more. Due to these factors, we posit that household carbon emissions from the transportation sector will be lower in metropolitan areas with more vibrant center cities. We use metro-level and household-level data to test this hypothesis. In metropolitan areas where a larger share of college graduates live downtown, the center city's population grows faster and more people use public transit and drive less. We document that carbon emissions for a standardized household are lower in metropolitan areas featuring a higher concentration of college graduates living downtown.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S092180091500227X/1-s2.0-S092180091500227X-main.pdf?_tid=9e60e9c2-e5eb-11e5-8c41-0 0000aacb362&acdnat=1457523764_a3e9711ebe682634a881b10ab93767b1

Guide

Auteur : Ministère de l’Ecologie, du développement durable et de l’énergie, France, 2012

Résumé :

La France s’est fixé des objectifs ambitieux en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Dans une perspective de transition énergétique, il s’agit également de promouvoir une économie plus sobre et efficace en matière de consommation d’énergie.

Pour atteindre ces objectifs au niveau français, un ensemble de dispositions a été mis en place, notamment en matière d’affichage environnemental et de démarches éco-responsables.

Le transport de marchandises, de voyageurs et le déménagement sont concernés avec la mise en place le 1er octobre 2013 d’une information relative à la quantité de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) émise à l’occasion d’une prestation de transport. Les transports considérés sont ceux ayant au moins leur origine ou leur destination sur le territoire national.

Ce guide est un nouvel outil pratique pour les professionnels du transport et les collectivités qui s’engagent dans cette démarche d’information de leurs clients et usagers, en particulier pour les petites entreprises.

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Guide_Information_CO2-2.pdf

Présentation PowerPoint

Editeur : ADEME, 2005

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.arehn.asso.fr/colloque/PDF/JM_Gohier.pdf

Rapport

Editeur : ADEME, 2011

Disponible sur ce lien :

https://www.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/assets/documents/cahier-4_transports.pdf

Note

Editeur : SNCF et ADEME, 2009

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.voyages-sncf.com/design/commons/media/fr/ecocomparateur_regles_calcul.pdf

Article de presse

Auteur : Paré, Isabelle

Editeur : Journal « Le Devoir », Novembre 2015

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.ledevoir.com/environnement/actualites-sur-l-environnement/456450/empreinte-carbone-reelle-pour-reseau-virtuel

Article Web

Auteur : Fournier, Clément

Editeur : RSE, Juin 2015

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://e-rse.net/empreinte-carbone-internet-green-it-infographie-12352/

Article de presse

Auteur : Garric, Audrey

Journal : Le Monde, Juillet 2011

Disponible sur ce lien :

Article

Auteur: Bestari Tjandra, Tobias et al.

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, Part 5, 20 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

A framework and set of methods to provide quantification of carbon footprint for an office in Singapore is presented in this work. As office operations become the center of many organization's activities, a rising awareness of climate change puts the focus on the carbon footprint of office operations. Various international standards have provided guidelines in assessing the carbon footprint of organizations. However, a lack of explicit formulation and procedure in these standards makes them difficult to apply. Furthermore, organizations that are just starting to assess their footprint may not have the resources and trained personnel to perform a full-scale assessment. To fill this gap, the framework proposed in this paper categorizes the emission sources from an office into several categories: core devices, shared resources, pantry, and transportation; and a set of quantification methods then guide the practitioner in a visual manner to do their office carbon footprint. A case study was conducted with an organization in Singapore. Results showed that the organization has a monthly office carbon footprint of 2306.57 kg CO2e, with major emissions coming from the air-conditioning system and private car usage. The study showed that the method can be used to assess the overall emissions, as well as identifying the major emission sources.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615007970/1-s2.0-S0959652615007970-main.pdf?_tid=0f7a3fdc-e5ec-11e5-98ea-00 000aacb362&acdnat=1457523954_df566cf10073ac6cfe93658edc8077f8

Article

Auteur: Wang,Earl-Juei et al.

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, Part 5, 20 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

In the novel electricity monitoring system designed in this study, manufacturing data with energy consumption are transformed in real time in the communication module and analysis module and then sent to such information devices as notebooks, i-Pads, or i-Phones. A fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) model is formulated to integrate the designed system for making decision associated with about environmental regulations and cost-effectiveness of carbon emissions in manufacturing firms given a carbon footprint label (CFL). Implementation results demonstrate that the proposed system is very effective in terms of CFL, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturing capacity. Importantly, the electric monitoring system can be practically installed in specific equipment to acquire electric consumption in real time and then helped decision makers to achieve a satisfactory solution in which manufacturing costs and CFL are simultaneously considered under restrain of electricity uncertainty.

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Article

Auteur : Forte, Annachiara ; Zucaro, Amalia et al.

Revue: Agricultural Systems, Volume 142, February 2016

Editeur: Elsevier

ISSN: 0308-521X

Résumé:

Heliciculture for food production has huge potential and new opportunities for rural development and young entrepreneurs in Italy. No studies have yet been performed on the environmental performance of snail rearing which also might be a beneficial tool for producers. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the impact of snail meat by a cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment centred on the carbon footprint (CF).

The study considered greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to cultivation stages (indoor breeding, outdoor fattening, cleaning out and packaging) of Helixaspersa maxima meat production in a semi-intensive rearing system in Southern Italy. The shell potential for CO2 sequestration was also taken into account.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0308521X15300500/1-s2.0-S0308521X15300500-main.pdf?_tid=505beb0e-e5ec-11e5-9310-0 0000aab0f26&acdnat=1457524062_3890437c711d430a1ba012803cad35c7 

Article

Auteur: Wiedemann, Stephen

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 94, 2015.

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé :

Australia is one of the two largest exporting nations for beef and lamb in the world and the USA is a major export market for both products. To inform the Australian red meat industry regarding the environmental performance of exported food products, this study conducted the first multi-impact analysis of Australian red meat export supply chains including all stages through to warehousing in the USA. A large, integrated dataset based on case study farms and regional survey was used to model beef and lamb from major representative production regions in eastern Australia. Per kilogram of retail-ready red meat, fresh water consumption ranged from 441.7 to 597.6 L across the production systems, stress-weighted water use from 108.5 to 169.4 L H2O-e, fossil energy from 28.1 to 46.6 MJ, crop land occupation from 2.5 to 29.9 m2 and human edible protein conversion efficiency ranged from 7.9 to 0.3, with major differences observed between grass finished and grain finished production. GHG emissions excluding land use and direct land use change ranged from 16.1 to 27.2 kg CO2-e per kilogram, and removals and emissions from land use and direct land use change ranged from −2.4 to 8.7 kg CO2-e per kilogram of retail ready meat.

Process based life cycle assessment shows that environmental impacts and resource use were highest in the farm and feedlot phase. Transportation contributed ≤5% of greenhouse gas emissions, water and land, confirming that food miles is not a suitable indicator of environmental impacts for red meat transported by ocean shipping. The contribution of international transportation to total energy demand was higher, ranging from 14 to 23%. These beef and lamb supply chains were found to rely on small volumes of water from stressed water catchments, and occupied only small amounts of crop land suited to other food production systems. Production of high quality protein foods for human consumption used only small amounts of protein from human edible grain.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615000773/1-s2.0-S0959652615000773-main.pdf?_tid=6e934ba8-e5ec-11e5-8fe7-0 0000aacb362&acdnat=1457524113_462494cc99d0b544afeed18b1d8a44dd 

Article

Auteur : Engelbrecht, Deborah

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Society and Environment, Volume 2, December 2015.

ISSN : 2352-9385

Résumé :

The causes and implications of climate change are currently at the forefront of many researching agendas. Countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol are bound by agreements to focus on and reduce greenhouse gas emissions which impact on the natural and anthropogenic environment. Internationally agriculture contributes to environmental impacts such as land use change, loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, increased soil salinity, soil acidity and soil erosion. To combat and control the greenhouse gas emissions generated during agricultural production, methodologies are being developed and investigated worldwide. Agriculture is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases in Australia and consequently the integrated spatial technology was developed using data from a crop rotation project conducted by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. The aim of the integrated spatial technology was to combine remote sensing, geographical information systems and life cycle assessment, to ascertain the component or system within the agricultural production cycle, generating the most greenhouse gases. Cleaner production strategies were then used to develop mitigation measures for the reduction of greenhouse gases within the integrated spatial technology.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S2352938515000233/1-s2.0-S2352938515000233-main.pdf?_tid=94e9ef1e-e5ec-11e5-96b3-0 0000aab0f27&acdnat=1457524177_07634b1649f9f3958efdae8ceb2e8264

Article

Auteur : Xue, Jian-Fu et al.

Revue: Ecological Indicators, Volume 64, May 2016

ISSN:  1470-160X

Résumé:

Agriculture plays an important role in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss. Therefore, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) footprint reductions in agro-ecosystem have become an increasingly hot topic in global climate change and agricultural adaptation. The objective of this study was to assess the C footprint (CF) and N footprint (NF) of double rice (Oryza sativa L.) production using life cycle assessment method in Southern China. The results showed that fertilizer application and farm machinery operation contributed the most to both GHGs and Nr emissions from agricultural inputs in the double rice production process. The CF for the early, late, and double rice was 0.86, 0.83, and 0.85 kg CO2-eq kg−1 year−1 at yield-scale, respectively. In addition, the NF was 10.47, 10.89, and 10.68 g N-eq kg−1 year−1 at yield-scale for the early, late and double rice, respectively. The largest fraction of CF and NF of double rice was the share of CH4 emission and NH3 volatilization from the paddy field, respectively. Higher CF and NF at yield-scale for Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces were presented, compared to the average level in double rice cropping for the region, while smaller than those of Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan provinces. Some effective solutions would be favorable toward mitigating climate change and eutrophication of the double rice cropping region in Southern China, including reduction of fertilizer application rates, improvements in farm machinery operation efficiencies, and changes in regional allocation of double rice cropping areas.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1470160X16000054/1-s2.0-S1470160X16000054-main.pdf?_tid=b18b4c9e-e5ec-11e5-9dbe-0 0000aab0f02&acdnat=1457524225_f3a90758982fee11880bab4a9fabd90c

Article

Auteur: Cerri,Carlos Clemente et al.

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, Part 4, 20 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

In order to meet the predicted growth in world population and increasing demand for food, the offer of animal products, especially in developing countries will also have to increase. Cattle-farming for beef production is one of the most important agricultural activities in Brazil. The country has the major commercial herd in the world and has achieved the position of leading beef exporter. The Brazilian beef sector has been under constant pressure from the international community to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and meet international sustainability standards. There are few studies regarding the GHG emissions associated with the Brazilian cattle production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main sources of GHG in beef cattle production in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We evaluated 22 farms distributed throughout the state in the year of 2011, accounting for approximately 60,000 ha of pasture area. The results indicated that the largest source of GHG in extensive beef production comes directly from the animals (89–98%). From these, 67–79% are from enteric fermentation, followed by manure decomposition (20–33%). Fuel combustion for farm operations, use of agricultural inputs and electricity consumption where other evaluated sources. The carbon footprints of the farms with herd size limited to 2000 head ranged from 4.8 to 8.2 kg of CO2eq per kg of live weight gain. For the farms with more than 2000 head, the carbon footprints ranged from 5.0 to 7.2 kg of CO2eq per kg of live weight gain. This study contributed to identify the main sources of GHG in the extensive cattle production and indicate mitigation priorities in Brazil.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615015437/1-s2.0-S0959652615015437-main.pdf?_tid=de79890a-e5ec-11e5-90f3-0 0000aacb35f&acdnat=1457524301_c476b89a53896ee7fd5bff1385436a03

Article

Auteur: Wang,Zhan-biao et al.

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, Part 1, 20 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

Increasing awareness of climate change and food security has spurred an interest in low-carbon agriculture. Studies on low-carbon agriculture should consider both greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield. Improving management practices may help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from crop system while also achieving higher crop yields. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of diverse management practices on grain yield and carbon footprint from an in-situ field experiment, identify the best management practices for low-carbon technology, and explore the major source of greenhouse gas emissions during winter wheat production, which would offer key information for pursuing low-carbon agriculture in the future. In this study, the field experiment was conducted during the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) season from 2011 to 2014 on the North China Plain. Conventional nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation rates were 240 kg/ha and 225 mm respectively, and these along with rotary tillage were used as the control. The experimental treatments included nitrogen fertilization (180, 120, 60, and 0 kg/ha), irrigation (150 and 75 mm), and tillage (conventional tillage and no tillage). The results showed that with a decrease in the nitrogen application and irrigation rates, the grain yield decreased, but the carbon footprint tended to decrease and then increase. The conventional tillage treatment gave the highest grain yield and lowest carbon footprint among the different tillage treatments. Furthermore, the main components of greenhouse gas emissions were electricity for irrigation (25.6–75.4%), nitrogen fertilizer (0–32.8%), direct nitrous oxide emissions (2.6–9.8%), and phosphorus fertilizer (5.2–8.2%), which accounted for 85.8–90.8% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, reducing electricity for irrigation, decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application rates, and lowering direct nitrous oxide emissions are the priority measures that will result in low-carbon agriculture. The treatments of nitrogen 180 kg/ha, irrigation of 150 mm, and conventional tillage were the best management practices that produced a lower carbon footprint with a favorable grain yield. This study highlights that improving farming practices could be an efficient option to mitigate the greenhouse gas emission in China's crop production.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615008173/1-s2.0-S0959652615008173-main.pdf?_tid=f8aea8a0-e5ec-11e5-9623-00 000aab0f6c&acdnat=1457524345_b54b80fa974b19334106b9af138b5e10

Article

Auteur: López, Luis-Antonio et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 103, 15 September 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé :

We develop a multiregional input–output model to evaluate the importance of international trade of agricultural products as well as their food-miles emissions on the proposed extended carbon footprint (ECF) measure of Spanish agriculture in 2000–2008. This measure of ECF incorporates the virtual carbon embodied (domestic, imported and international transport) in the consumption of Spanish products of agriculture plus the direct emissions or producer responsibility of the Spanish agriculture sector. Our results show that Spanish agriculture ECF in 2008 is 18.5 Mt CO2, more than doubles the usual measure of carbon footprint. The importance of these emissions leads us to calculate the effect of levying a carbon border tax, on both embodied emissions and international freight transport in agriculture products, on the price of agriculture products consumed by Spanish households and bought by different Spanish industries. Our results do not appear to impose too great a burden on the economy as a whole (3.7% over the value of imported agriculture products and 0.02% over total Spanish domestic final demand). However, there might be a significant impact from taxing embodied carbon and transport emissions on some sectors and in terms of a potential change in the origin of imports, with Chinese and East-Asian exports into Spain being the most affected.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615000438/1-s2.0-S0959652615000438-main.pdf?_tid=1c834330-e5ed-11e5-9310-0 0000aab0f26&acdnat=1457524405_121a618ed2b4dd0719c9fc857f903e99

Article

Auteur: Luo,Ting et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 102, September 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Characterizing and quantifying the carbon footprint (CF) of livestock production would offer insights into how livestock production contributes to climate change and help to establish potential greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options. In Sichuan, one of the largest provinces for livestock production in China, a questionnaire farm survey was performed in 2012. CFs of livestock and poultry production were quantified using a dataset encompassing 20 farms for egg production, 25 farms for milk production, 20 farms for chicken production, and 32 farms for pork production, including both household and aggregated farms. The results revealed that over both farm types, emissions from manure treatment accounted for 70% and 74% of the total CFs in egg and chicken production, respectively. On average, 39% of the total CF in milk production was contributed by enteric fermentation; meanwhile, emissions by fodder production contributed on average 75% to the total CF of pork production. In general, egg, milk, chicken and pork production in Sichuan were associated with CFs of 3.70, 1.01, 20.02 and 5.42 kg CO2-eq/kg production for household farms, and 3.46, 1.13, 7.86 and 4.29 kg CO2-eq/kg for aggregated farm, respectively. Statistically, egg, chicken and pork production on household farms was characterized by higher CFs than that on aggregated farms. This study highlights that aggregated farm management could be an efficient option to mitigate the GHG emission in China's livestock production.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615004527/1-s2.0-S0959652615004527-main.pdf?_tid=34d73b94-e5ed-11e5-a2d8-0 0000aacb360&acdnat=1457524446_547fb3d63744af860ace6a8037add0a1

Article

Auteur: Mohammadi, Ali et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, December 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

This study estimated the climate change effects of alternative rice production systems in North Vietnam with different residue management options, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The traditional practice of open burning of residues (System A) was compared with the alternative of converting residues to biochar, which was returned to the same land area from which the residues were obtained (System B). Pyrolytic cook-stoves and drum ovens were assumed to be used by households to produce biochar, and the cook-stoves produced heat energy for cooking. The annual rate of biochar applied was determined by the amount of biochar produced from the straw and husk available. We assumed that agronomic effects of biochar increased with each annual biochar application until reaching maximum benefits at 18 Mg ha−1, which takes eight years to be produced in pyrolytic cook-stoves and drum ovens. The largest contributor to the carbon footprint of rice at the mill gate, was CH4 emissions from soil, in both systems. Biochar addition reduced the carbon footprint of spring rice and summer rice by 26% and 14% respectively, compared with System A, in the first year of application. These values substantially increased to 49% and 38% after eight years of biochar addition. The climate effect of System B was most sensitive to the assumed suppression of soil CH4 emissions due to biochar application.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615019083/1-s2.0-S0959652615019083-main.pdf?_tid=769c0f32-e5ed-11e5-86dd-0 0000aacb35f&acdnat=1457524556_26d0e72e51df5b740be6e4c712bfab3b

Article

Auteur: Vergé, X. et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 113, February 2016

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

The choice of the calculation pathways used to estimate the environmental impact of human activities is of importance since it could modify the results of such studies. This is the case for the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) which is now commonly used to perform environmental assessments: the allocation methods used have an important impact on calculations and can potentially affect the final results. This could have a very negative impact on the LCA in terms of adoption and trust in the results. In the current study, the Canadian swine sector has been used as a case study and the carbon footprint of pork production has been estimated regionally for the year 2006. In this study, these calculations were performed using different allocation approaches to study the impact and usefulness of each method. No-allocation, economic-allocation, and mass-allocation approaches were used. Owing to climate and production-type specificities, calculations were done for eastern and western Canada in addition to the national estimates. Total greenhouse gas emissions were higher in the east (3.5 Mt CO2e) than in the west (3.1 Mt CO2e). However, the carbon footprint followed an opposite trend. Considering the primal cut products and, in turn, the mass allocation, the economic allocation and no allocations, the CFs were 2.6 kgCO2e, 3.8 kgCO2e and 4.0 kgCO2e per kg of product for the east and 3.2 kgCO2e, 4.7 kgCO2e and 5.0 kgCO2e per kg of product for the west. The current study shows that, in fact, allocation methods are not interchangeable and should be selected based on the specificity of each study: the no-allocation approach can be used to analyze on-farm production, economic allocation is oriented to market studies, and mass allocation is well suited to environmental sustainability assessments.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615017114/1-s2.0-S0959652615017114-main.pdf?_tid=955ed03a-e5ed-11e5-9f20-0 0000aab0f01&acdnat=1457524608_df47cfa04fb7b5190d4cad5609979513

Article

Auteur : Kucukvar, Murat et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Sustainable Production and Consumption, Volume 1, January 2015

ISSN : 2352-5509

Résumé:

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resource Institute (WRI) set the scope-based carbon footprint accounting standards in which all possible supply-chain related indirect greenhouse gas emissions are captured. Although this carbon footprint accounting standards are widely used in regional policy making, there is little effort in analyzing the scope-based carbon footprints of nations using a multi-region input–output (MRIO) analysis in order to consider the role of global trade. This research aims to advance the body of knowledge on carbon footprint analysis of the manufacturing sectors with a holistic approach combining the WBCSD & WRI’s scope-based carbon footprint accounting standards with a time series MRIO framework. To achieve this goal, a global scope-based carbon footprint analysis of the Turkish manufacturing sectors has been conducted as a case study. We employed a time series MRIO analysis by using the World Input–Output Database on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The results showed that electricity, gas and water supply was the most dominant sector in the supply chains of the Turkish industrial sectors with the largest carbon footprint. On average, indirect emissions of the Turkish manufacturing industry are found to be higher than direct emissions during the period from 2000 to 2009. The results of this analysis revealed that supply chain related indirect emissions (represented by scope 3) are responsible for nearly 56.5% total carbon emissions of sectors, which highlights the crucial role of supply chains on overall carbon footprint of sectors.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S235255091500007X/1-s2.0-S235255091500007X-main.pdf?_tid=f3124702-e5ed-11e5-8090-0 0000aab0f01&acdnat=1457524765_3ad0b9bf63635dd2413d7c2c7649e98d

Article

Auteur: Al-Mohannadi, Dhabia M. and Linke,Patrick

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, Part 5, 20 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé

The basic materials industries together with the utility sector account for significant carbon footprints and are challenged to meet emerging Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets. The emitting processes are often co-located in industrial parks, resulting in spatially concentrated, stationary carbon dioxide emissions. Given the multitude of sources from which carbon dioxide could be captured and of possible sinks in which carbon dioxide could be utilized or stored, there is a need to systematically screen the lowest cost footprint reduction options for a given industrial park. This paper presents the first approach to the systematic design of low cost carbon integration networks for industrial parks through integrated analysis of sources, utilization and storage options, as well as capture, separation, compression and transmission options. The paper outlines the optimisation-based approach and illustrates its application with an example.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615006629/1-s2.0-S0959652615006629-main.pdf?_tid=0e76d076-e5ee-11e5-a0b7-0 0000aacb360&acdnat=1457524811_6b0c96a5b847a148fccb721be9cebd26

Article

Auteur: Cimini, Alessio and Moresi, Mauro

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, January 2016

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Energy and water consumption, waste generation, and emissions to air are the main environmental issues of the brewing industry. Several strategies have been so far proposed to reduce its impact on the global climate. This study assessed the environmental impact of the industrial production and distribution of 1 hL of a pale lager, as packed in different formats by the Italian brewery Birra Peroni Srl (Rome, Italy) over the period April 2012–March 2013, in compliance with the Publicly Available Specification 2050 standard method. The estimated carbon footprint of 1 hL of lager beer packaged in 66-cL glass bottles, 33-cL glass bottles assembled in cardboards or cluster packs, 33-cL aluminum cans, or 30-L steel kegs was of the order of 57, 67, 74, 69, or 25 kg CO2e, respectively. Such a difference in the overall carbon footprint values was due to the diverse contributions of packaging materials and transportation. In particular, the impact of packaging materials was minimum in the case of kegs, in virtue of the high reuse coefficient, and maximum in the case of the 33-cL glass bottle cluster packs. The estimated carbon footprint values were considerably lower than those reported in the most recent literature, probably because of the large production scale and short distribution chain of Birra Peroni brewery, utilization of beer co-products as feed and anaerobic digestion of liquid wastewaters. Owing to the linearity of the mathematical model of the carbon footprint, its sensitivity to the change of one-emission factor-at-a-time allowed the main hot spots in the life cycle of beer (i.e., glass bottle production and barley cultivation) to be identified and targeted for mitigating the carbon footprint of any pale lager, both of them being not related to the brewery production scale examined here. The scientific value of this work relies on the choice of estimating the carbon footprint using wholly transparent data in order to allow its direct comparison to other estimates, as well as its straightforward re-calculation using better quality data, as available.

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Article

Auteur: Li,Yan ; Tan, Wenru and Sha, Ruili

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 112, January 2016

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

In recent years, with the enlarging scale of the Chinese retail industry and the rapid growth of retail turnover, the energy consumption and relevant carbon emissions of the Chinese retail industry have seen a gradual upward tendency. Therefore, how to effectively reduce its carbon emissions has become increasingly important. Carbon emissions in the process of logistics distribution account for nearly 60% of the total carbon emissions in the Chinese retail industry, so the improved efficiency in logistics transportation can not only save operational costs but also significantly reduce carbon emissions of the Chinese retail industry. This paper aims to research on the optimization of vehicle routes of logistics distribution with their distribution centers and distribution vehicles. First, Model Z1 is built to describe logistics carbon emissions relative to the shortest optimal route, which is used to simulate the distribution distances of different routes. Compared with Model Z1, Model Z2 which describes the optimal vehicle routes relative to carbon emission reduction is established with the objective constraint function of carbon emission included. It is used to simulate carbon emissions of different routes. The two models are then compared and their differences in route and distribution order are obtained. Based on the actual data of the distribution center and the chain stores responsible for distribution of a chain retail company in south China, the annealing simulation method is employed in the computations of Models Z1 and Z2 and results of the optimal routes are obtained with the software Matlab. The results show that the distribution distance is a critical factor in influencing carbon emissions. The shortest vehicle route significantly affects the volume of carbon emission. Optimizing the distribution order further reduces carbon emissions after a constraint function of carbon emission is presented.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615006836/1-s2.0-S0959652615006836-main.pdf?_tid=5aab01d8-e5ee-11e5-b814-0 0000aab0f26&acdnat=1457524939_b0ca9d6f34f7ec7a8015a1b3e6393028

Article

Auteur: Munasinghe, Mohan et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Sustainable Production and Consumption, Volume 5, January 2016

ISSN : 2352-5509

Résumé :

Paper presents the carbon and energy footprint of a bra, manufactured in Sri Lanka based on life cycle analysis under PAS 2050 standards. Carbon footprint of the product is 1.37 kgCO2e and energy footprint is 7.05 MJ. Highest contribution (61%) of carbon emission comes from raw material production. Therefore, sustainable procurement policies are critical. Second and third largest (12% and 10%) is in the user phase and manufacturing of the final product in Sri Lanka. Most of the emissions occur outside UK. Biggest energy consumption is at the user phase (28%). Manufacturing plant in Sri Lanka was an eco-friendly one. Targeting hotspots helped to improve carbon and energy efficiencies of manufacturing process. When these values were compared with footprint values if the product was manufactured in a standard garment factory in Sri Lanka, the carbon and energy footprints in the standard factory were 23% and 15% higher, respectively. Incremental improvements are possible through consumer behavioral changes; sustainable procurement policies; energy/carbon efficient technologies; grid electricity mix and management practices can influence final footprint values. Radical changes can be achieved using alternative low carbon raw materials, renewable grid electricity mixes, and by dramatic reduction of consumption. Doubling the number of wears before disposing (avoiding a new buy) can reduce the carbon emission by 44% and energy by 35.7% per garment. At the design stage it is important to take: washing behavior; types of raw material; recyclability; durability and biodegradability of raw material into account. Economically, the largest share of manufacturing costs is due to raw material, while the value remaining in the country is low — a feature typical to buyer driven supply chains.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S2352550915000445/1-s2.0-S2352550915000445-main.pdf?_tid=7b8bbcbc-e5ee-11e5-b9b9-0 0000aacb361&acdnat=1457524994_235599e5fd7ada684c2f290f745b8b6f

Article

Auteur: Salas, Daniel Andrés et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue : Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 113, February 2016

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Cement constitutes one of the primary building materials. As cement manufacturing involves the use of large amounts of raw materials and energy, an issue that arises is the necessity to assess its environmental impact and analyze in which way the industry should proceed concerning best practices. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has frequently been used in case studies around the globe as an environmental impact assessing tool. The present literature review serves for: (i) describing the environmental impacts, (ii) clarifying the methodological approaches in LCA, and (iii) identifying the main alternatives to improve the environmental performance of cement production. Several available studies on the environmental performance of manufacture and use of cement products were reviewed. These studies identified improvement of energy efficiency, the use of alternative fuels, clinker substitution, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) as the main solutions for mitigating environmental impacts caused by cement production. The first three options have been thoroughly analyzed, applied, and have shown improvement through the years. CCS has a high improvement potential; however, it presents technical and economic barriers to its implementation.

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http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615017485/1-s2.0-S0959652615017485-main.pdf?_tid=96041bac-e5ee-11e5-9a2b-0 0000aacb361&acdnat=1457525039_0bff97f939db146e98d5f7cf2a4cece9

Article

Auteur: Bortolini,Marco et al.

Revue: Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 174, April 2016

ISSN: 0260-8774

Résumé:

This paper presents a three-objective distribution planner to tackle the tactical optimization of fresh food distribution networks considering operating cost, carbon footprint and delivery time goals. The developed expert system overcomes the widely adopted methodologies mainly focused on the cost minimization only. These three independent goals are jointly included in a unique tool, called Food Distribution Planner, to support the tactical planning of multi-modal distribution networks of perishable produces.

This expert system implements a three-objective linear programming model, considering the typical food distribution constraints, i.e. the food quality dependence on the delivery time, the geographically distributed market demand and the farmer production capacities.

This paper further applies the proposed system to a real case study dealing with the distribution of fresh fruits and vegetables from a set of Italian producers to several European retailers. The most effective distribution network is studied best balancing the economic, environmental and delivery time objective functions. Such a tactical network planning leads to 9.6% CO2 emission reduction with 2.7% cost increase compared to the correspondent single-objective configurations. Finally, the delivery time allows no produce waste due to the food quality preservation during shipment.

 Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0260877415300613/1-s2.0-S0260877415300613-main.pdf?_tid=b45f03a0-e5ee-11e5-b5ed-0 0000aab0f01&acdnat=1457525089_15bb6c775955d646a5d26ff7d1532ebe

Note de synthèse

Editeur : Centre d’analyse stratégique, Ministère de l’Intérieur français, 2010

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://archives.strategie.gouv.fr/cas/system/files/na195-fret-2.pdf

Rapport

Auteur : Savy, Michel ; Buba , Johanne ; Daude, Caroline

Editeur : Centre d’analyse stratégique, Ministère de l’Intérieur français, 2010

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/104000665.pdf

Rapport

Editeur : ESTIA et FEVAD, 2009

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.fevad.com/uploads/files/Etudes/ecommerce_environnementCouleur.pdf

Article

Editeur : Agence wallonne à l’Exportation et aux Investissements étrangers, 2009

Disponible sur ce lien :

https://www.awex.be/fr-BE/L'exportpratique/conseil-export/Divers/Documents/R%C3%A9duire%20son%20empreinte%20ecologique%20lorsque%20l%20on%

20commerce%20avec%20l%20etranger%20.pdf

Article

Auteur: Cadarso,María Á. Et al.

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 111, Part B, 16 January 2016

ISSN: 0959-6526

Résumé:

In this paper, we propose broadening the concept of tourism's carbon footprint to include not only emissions embodied in tourism consumption but also emissions linked to the investments of the tourism sector. The measure proposed, the whole carbon footprint, implies allocating the emissions linked to the production of capital goods required for tourism goods and services to this sector. The omission of investments, e.g., the construction of hotels and infrastructures, leads to an underestimation of the tourism sector's environmental responsibility. The methodology is based on a life cycle assessment input–output (LCA-IO) model that we apply to the Spanish tourism sector for the period of 1995–2007.

Our results show that the inclusion of tourism investment in the carbon footprint calculations increases the industry's responsibility by 34% due to the importance of civil infrastructure and construction related to hotels and catering and imported electrical and electronic machinery and transport vehicles. More importantly, we find that the weak improvement in the eco-efficiency of tourism investments (virtual carbon by million euros of tourism services) increases the pressure on the environment of the expansive tourism sector and on claims for mitigation targets that include capital investments.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652614009494/1-s2.0-S0959652614009494-main.pdf?_tid=f7d2313e-e5ee-11e5-bd8d-0 0000aacb35e&acdnat=1457525202_5ab99355eb91bbdc6462706a203bb758

Article

Auteur : Cerutti, Alessandro K. et al.

Revue: Food Policy, Volume 58, January 2016

ISSN : 0306-9192

Résumé:

Several projects across Europe are focused on improving sustainability of public procurements; however, few of them are measuring the environmental savings achieved by specific policies through the application of environmental impact assessment indicators.

In this paper, we calculate environmental savings by applying a carbon footprint analysis to three food policies implemented by the City of Turin (Italy) in the school catering service (school years 2012/13 and 2013/14). The policies are focused on (I) the production of food (with the requirement of integrated or organic products), (II) the geographical origin of the food (with the requirement of regional food provisioning) and (III) the improvement of urban distribution (with the requirement of shifting to natural gas vehicles). The climate change potential of five of the most consumed foods were studied according to three main phases of the supply chain: production (including all processes in a cradle-to-gate perspective), provisioning (focusing on the transportation from production sites to the peripheral food hubs of the city), and distribution (focusing on the transportation from the city hubs to schools).

The results of this study highlight the different climate impacts of the three phases of the supply chain, in particular 61–70% of the greenhouse gases are emitted in the production phase, 6–11% in the provisioning phase and 24–28% in urban distribution. As a consequence, policies that affect production practices have the greatest potential for reducing the carbon footprint of the catering service. Other policies (such as those on transportation) can have controversial effects. Therefore, to improve planning of sustainability policies, the greenhouse gas emission savings achieved by each policy must be analysed in-depth.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0306919215001384/1-s2.0-S0306919215001384-main.pdf?_tid=2fac81f4-e5ef-11e5-8fe7-000 00aacb362&acdnat=1457525296_ee901868299ca68ba1bb3fd244ebfad4

Article

Auteur: Seebauer,Sebastian et al.

Editeur : Elsevier

Revue: Journal of Cleaner Production, February 2015

ISSN : 0959-6526

Résumé:

Buying the same product at the neighborhood store or at a shopping mall implies different carbon emissions. This paper quantifies carbon impacts of consumer choices of retail channel and shop location (where to buy), extending footprint assessments of product choices (what to buy). Carbon emissions of shopping situations are shown in the current situation, in a business-as-usual projection in 2020, and in policy scenarios with changed market shares of shopping situations.

The analysis covers the product categories: groceries, clothing, and electronics & computers, from the shopping situations: neighborhood store, town center, discount store, shopping mall, and mail order/online selling. Stages of the product life cycle which differ between shopping situations are examined: freight transport, warehousing, store operation, and the last mile of the consumers' trip to the store.

Carbon emissions of shopping situations amount to 2.7% of overall Austrian emissions in the base year. Dominant car use on the last mile substantially contributes to the overall footprint. In the business-as-usual scenario, carbon emissions from shopping situations increase by +33% until 2020, corresponding to 4.2% of the overall Austrian emissions target for 2020. Restricting shopping malls or supporting neighborhood stores could limit this increase to +25% and +20%, respectively. Facilitating online selling achieves no notable effects. The study underlines that an absolute reduction in private demand for household goods is necessary, as available policy instruments aiming at shopping situations fail to compensate the steady growth in private consumption.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0959652615001419/1-s2.0-S0959652615001419-main.pdf?_tid=5c9422c6-e5ef-11e5-80ec-00 000aacb35d&acdnat=1457525371_b4c7137f030bdbfca60c8c9c9fe434a1

Article

Auteur: Diemer, Arnaud  

Editeur : De Boeck Supérieur

Revue : Innovations, Numéro 37, 2012

ISSN : 1965-0256

Résumé :

À la fin des années 1980, l’écologie industrielle a répondu à la problématique du développement durable par une solution technique et organisationnelle. D’une part, l’écotechnologie recommande aux industriels de procéder à un ensemble d’opérations de rationalisation de la production (minimisation des déchets, transformation des déchets en biens marchands). D’autre part, la symbiose industrielle, notamment celle de Kalundborg, constitue l’organisation la plus efficace lorsqu’il s’agit d’établir des relations durables entre agents économiques. Pour que l’innovation soit une solution viable pour les générations présentes et futures, il convient cependant de dissocier le mythe de la véritable révolution environnementale. En effet, la dématérialisation, suggérée par l’essor des services et des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication, peut générer des effets rebonds. En d’autres termes, la consommation d’énergie peut augmenter (et non diminuer) à la suite d’une amélioration des techniques. La clé du développement durable résiderait ainsi dans le triptyque suivant : technologie, innovation organisationnelle, changements dans les modes de vie. Les industriels et les consommateurs devront changer leurs habitudes s’ils veulent améliorer leur bien-être, sans souffrir de la dégradation de l’environnement.

Disponible à la bibliothèque de l’IMIST sur ce lien :

https://www.cairn.info/revue-innovations-2012-1-page-73.htm

Auteur : Paillat, Emannuelle

Editeur : ECOPROD, 2010

Disponible sur ce lien :

http://www.ressource0.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Bilan-carbone-audiovisuel.pdf

11^ème édition du Salon des TEQ (Technologies environnementale du Québec)

Organisateur : Réseau Environnement

Date : 15 et 16 mars 2016

Lieu : Montréal, Canada

 Le Salon des technologies environnementales du Québec vise à offrir aux spécialistes œuvrant dans le secteur de l’environnement un cadre favorable aux échanges scientifiques, techniques et commerciaux, en plus de contribuer à faire connaître le savoir-faire québécois sur les marchés nationaux. Cet évènement incontournable en est à sa 11e édition et aura lieu les 15 et 16 mars prochain au Centre des congrès de Québec.

Colloque : Carbone et Efficacité énergétique : enjeux, défis et premiers résultats d'une transition en marche

Organisateur : APC Carbone

Date : 14 Avril 2016

Lieu : Poitier, France

A l'issue de la COP21, plus que jamais, sont attendus des solutions et des résultats concrets pour les entreprises et les collectivités. Le Bilan d’émission de gaz à effet de serre et la démarche efficacité énergétique sont-ils des outils complémentaires pour réussir la transition ?
Objectifs : Illustrer les problématiques suivantes et leur apporter des réponses :

• Le bilan GES : comment le valoriser, les actions et opportunités
•  Les synergies entre démarches Carbone et Efficacité Energétique
•  Exemples de challenges Carbone et Energies

Conférence "Adaptation Futures 2016"

Organisateur : PROVIA

Date : 10 mai 2016 - 13 mai 2016

Lieu : Rotterdam, Pays Bas

Adaptation Futures is the biennial conference of the Global Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (PROVIA). In 2016, the European Commission and the Government of the Netherlands co-host the fourth edition. Adaptation Futures 2016 is where scholars, practitioners, policymakers and business people from all around the world go to connect, learn and inspire. It highlights adaptation practices and solutions for people, governments and businesses. The programme addresses all sectors and all parts of the world. 

21ème Conférence internationale sur les transports et la pollution de l’air

Organisateur : PROVIA

Date : Du 24 mai 2016 au 26 mai 2016

Lieu: Lyon, France

Cette conférence traitera des points suivants :

• Émissions à l’échappement et non-échappement de véhicules routiers: mesures et modélisation
• Technologies de contrôle et de réduction des émissions de polluants
• Transport, consommation énergétique et gaz à effet de serre
• Qualité de l'air urbaine et périurbaine
• Transport vert intégré
• Émissions et impacts des transports non routiers
• Politiques des transports, prévisions et défis socio-économiques
  Discours d'ouverture
• Le transport, l’innovation et la transition énergétique face aux défis environnementaux
• L'environnement est une opportunité pour l'économie et les villes

13th  Edition of CARBON EXPO 2016

Organisateur : IETA, World Bank Group, Koelnmesse

Date : Du 25 mai 2016 au 27 mai 2016

Lieu: Cologne, Allemagne

As part of the global effort to mobilise climate change action, finance and market solutions – following COP21 in Paris and in the lead up to COP22 in Marrakech – world leaders, governments, progressive business leaders, civil society and other stakeholders from around the world, will gather in Cologne for the 13th edition of CARBON EXPO, 25-27 May 2016.

Tackling the climate challenge requires urgent and global action. CARBON EXPO is about Innovation – Collaboration – Smart Regulation. This leading annual summit is a collaborative platform that is action driven, providing attendees with the tools and intel to navigate our transforming global economy.

CLIMATE CHANCE: A Summit Dedicated to Concrete Action

Organisateur: UCLG

Date: 26-28 Septembre 2016

Lieu: Nantes, France

The CLIMATE CHANCE summit will address, inter alia, the link between climate and development, a new framework for the sustainable city, financing climate action, and mobilizing local actors and the younger generation. It will also discuss the topics of adaptation, territorial planning, economy and employment, territorial cooperation, forest, transport and energy. The conference is expected to encourage the sharing experiences and innovations, culminate in a global plan of action, and reiterate the importance of non-state actors in the fight against climate change.  

22nd Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 22)

Organisateur: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Date: 07-18 Nov 2016

Lieu : Marrakech, Morocco

Une COP « Conference of Parties » est une conférence annuelle sous l’égide des Nations Unies et qui a pour thème les changements climatiques. En Novembre 2016, sera organisée la COP 22 à Marrakech comme l’a annoncé Hakima El Haité, la ministre déléguée chargée de l’Environnement. Après la COP 21 à Paris, les grands de ce monde se trouveront donc à Marrakech en Novembre 2016. Cette future Conférence des Nations Unies sur le Climat ( COP ) aura pour thèmes l’ atténuation aux effets du changement climatique et l’innovation en matière d’adaptation. La COP 22 aura aussi pour mission de développer des outils opérationnels dans le cadre du plan Paris-Lima puis Paris-Marrakech.

• Ministère délégué chargé de l’environnement (Maroc)

http://www.environnement.gov.ma/fr/

• Charte de l’environnement (Maroc)

http://www.chartenvironnement.ma/

• Agence Nationale pour le Développement des Energies Renouvelables et de l’Efficacité Energétique (Maroc)

http://www.aderee.ma/

• Ministère de l’environnement, de l’énergie et de la mer (France)

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/

• Blog sur le carbone et le bâtiment

• Collectif de consultants internationaux

• Groupement français d’intérêt scientifique

• Portail d’actualités de la CCUNCC sur le changement climatique

• 21^ème Conférence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique

• Carbon Expo 2016

http://www.carbonexpo.com/CARBON-EXPO/index.php

• Fondation David Suzuki pour la protection de l’environnement

http://www.davidsuzuki.org/fr/

• Climate Change Policy & Practice